Negotiating Normalcy with Peers in Contexts of Inclusion: Perceptions of youth with disabilities in India

The qualitative study reported in this article investigated how youth with disabilities in India described their peer relationships within their educational settings. We situate the aims of this study within the larger context of inclusive education in India and discourses on self-determination for individuals with disabilities. Findings from the study suggest that students with disabilities actively sought membership in their peer communities but had few opportunities within inhospitable schooling contexts to represent themselves in ways other than as needing help. For families of students with disabilities, the onerous demands of making physical environments and curricular materials accessible to their children left them isolated within schools and their communities. The study sheds light on families’ reluctance to abandon legal guardianship models in order to support increased self-determination for their children, and also raises important questions for activist educators working within complex conditions such as the Indian context.     

The prevention of child abuse and neglect: A review of the literature with recommendations for application

Families at high risk for inadequate parenting can be identified during the perinatal period, or during later health care visits. Effective intervention can be implemented for these special families. During the maternity ward stay, intervention can include early delivery room contact, rooming-in arrangements, and increased teaching sessions on child care. The primary physician can provide frequent office visits, telephone contacts and helpful advice during acute illnesses and developmental phases which might precipitate child abuse. The physician can seek assistance from outreach workers such as public health nurses, lay health visitors, and child welfare caseworkers. Community prevention programs such as parenting classes, Parent's Anonymous groups, crisis nurseries and crisis hotlines should also be integrated into the family's treatment. When provided in concert, these actions can stabilize most dysfunctional families.     

空巢家庭老年人的心理问题与社会支持

文章运用文献分析法考察了城市空巢家庭形成的背景和原因,发现空巢家庭老年人不仅面临经济问题和日常生活问题,而且具有许多心理健康问题。空巢家庭老年人由于非正式支持系统的支持不足,发展以社区服务为中心的正式支持系统对促进城市空巢老年人的心理健康具有重要意义。     

Managing Ill-Discipline among Learners in Disadvantaged Schools

Abstract

The management of ill-discipline among learners has become a serious challenge for teachers. This article reports on a study conducted to determine how teachers in the primary schools of the Matjhabeng Municipality, Free State, South Africa, manage ill-discipline among learners. A mixed method approach, which comprised a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, was used to collect data. Sixteen teachers completed the questionnaire and eight of them were also interviewed. The results revealed that the majority of the participants applied approved or acceptable measures of managing ill-discipline, such as talking politely to learners; chasing learners out of the classroom; and involving the principal and parents. However, some of the participants applied unapproved or illegal measures of disciplining learners, such as inflicting corporal punishment; swearing at learners; and pinching learners. The participants who applied the unapproved or illegal measures of disciplining learners reported that these measures were more effective than the approved measures. All the participants reported that although the approved measures were unhelpful in maintaining an environment conducive for effective teaching and learning, they were compelled to apply them. The training of teachers in the approved disciplinary practices, as well as the involvement of parents in learner discipline, are recommended.     

高校贫困生资助工作的误区分析及应对

高校贫困生资助工作是高校学生教育管理工作的一项重要内容,做好该项工作,不仅要认识其重要性,而且要准确地把握其固有的性质和特点,否则,就有可能在实际工作中产生偏差。本文列举了高校贫困生资助工作中容易出现的几个误区,并提出走出误区的应对措施。     

窝阔台汗己丑年汉军万户萧札刺考辨──兼论金元之际的汉地七万户

窝阔台汗己丑年始置的汉军三万户中之萧札刺，不是萧也先之子萧查刺，而是于甲戌年投降蒙古的金中都　军首领札刺儿，增立四万户的时间不在壬辰年而在甲午年。汉军三万户与七万户的设立都与蒙古忽里台大会的召开有关，甲午年增立的七万户，汉人有四：刘黑马、史天泽、严实、张柔；契丹人有三：萧札刺之子重喜、塔不已儿、石抹李迭儿。蒙古统治者设置汉军三万户或七万户的目的，是按照蒙古军制，重新编制汉军，以便于军事指挥。     

Resisting the Orthodox Smart Label: High School Latinas and the Redefinition of Smartness on the Western Frontier

Drawing from Chicana feminist epistemology and counter-storytelling, this article argues that Latina high school students’ refusal to attach the culturally constructed and hegemonically imposed label of smartness to themselves, while easily identifying that label within others, stems from a resistance to associate themselves with traditional notions of smartness, a label they often frame as exclusive, inappropriate, and/or incongruous within their experiential contexts. This article suggests that the participants in this study agentically embrace their own constructions of smartness to include alternative funds of knowledge and, in this way, coopt smartness in a culturally relevant and specific way.     

Main determinants of immigrant families’ involvement and participation in school life / Principales determinantes de la implicación y participación de las familias inmigrantes en la escuela

This work is focused on deepening our understanding of family actions when participating in school life and of the intensity of their involvement with the school work that their children perform, or should perform, at home. Specifically, this study examines whether there is a relationship between family participation and involvement, what are the situations that characterize the differential performance of fathers and mothers; an analysis is also carried out of each situation to identify which elements determine their participation or involvement behaviour. To this end, the sample consisted of 279 subjects from Latin America with children enrolled in the fifth or sixth grades of primary education. The results show that involvement and participation are independent phenomena, that mothers are more involved and participate more in their children’s school life, and that the elements determining these two actions are different for both mothers and fathers.     

Overcoming multidimensional marginality: the significance of higher education for traditionally reared single mothers living in the outer periphery

The current study gives voice to a group of remarkable returning college students whose lives are defined by multidimensional marginality. These students are single mothers who grew up in traditional families in the outer periphery of Northern Israel, where they still lived at the time of this study. Drawing on the women’s life stories gathered from in-depth interviews, the purpose of the study was twofold: to examine their multidimensional marginality in the context of the complexity of social situations they are required to face and to understand the impact of higher education upon that marginality and upon their lives. The findings demonstrate, quite powerfully, the impact of the participants’ student status on their discourse with their previously excluding family of origin, and the significance of their status for their personal growth process and for their relationship with their children. The process of matriculating into a higher education degree programme, and their continued progress in the programme, enabled these women to become proactive in moving from the margins towards a more central position of affecting and becoming a role model for their children, their families of origin and their communities.