西北干旱区脆弱景观的生态整治对策

西北干旱区是中国景观脆弱性程度较高的地区，本文从自然背景和社会背景两个方面探讨了西北干旱区景观脆弱性的成因，并试图寻求景观政治的合理对策。研究结果表明，人类开发活动中的某些失误，包括对干旱区景观自身的规律性认识不足；绿洲开发有较大的不合理性；开发工作缺乏区域尺度的协调；荒漠景观破坏严重等；均为影响干旱区景观稳定性的重要因素。西北干旱区景观整治工作应采取如下措施：1、建立大系统综合平衡的生态保护战略；2、选择新的农业发展模式，租金环境与经济协调发展；3、制定节约型的水资源开发战略；4、控制人口规模，提高人口素质；5、建立生态环境预警系统；6、抢救濒危景观。     

Evaluating climate change behaviors and concern in the family context

Abstract

Although research suggests that family dynamics likely play a role in shaping children’s behaviors, few studies focus on environmental behaviors, and none to our knowledge investigate how parents shape climate change mitigation behaviors among their children. We begin to fill this gap through a quantitative case study using matched household-level survey data from 182 coastal North Carolina families (n?=?241 parents aged 29–77; n?=?182 students aged 11–14) associated with 15 middle school science teachers. Family climate change discussions, parent behaviors, and children’s climate change concern levels predicted the degree to which children will participate in individual-level climate mitigation behaviors. These results provide evidence that promoting climate-related conversations within households may promote climate action even when parents are apathetic about climate change. Similarly, parental behaviors, but not their concern levels, were important predictors of adolescent behaviors. This study highlights novel ways that family dynamics may promote climate change mitigating behaviors and a new pathway to promoting climate mitigation at familial, and ultimately, societal levels.     

农民工子女就学问题与对策

解决农民工子女就学问题是全面建设小康社会进程中面临的一个重要课题,也是我国教育事业发展的一项重要任务。对于农民工子女就学问题,应当以流入地政府管理为主,加强流入地政府与流出地政府之间的沟通协调,增强服务意识,强化管理职责;应当以流入地全日制公办中小学为主,同时发挥社会力量的补缺作用,通过多层次、多渠道、多样化方式综合解决。另外,应高度重视农民工自身及其子女接受高中阶段教育的问题,以确保普及高中阶段教育目标的实现。     

北归士族在北朝发展的几种模式初探--以太原晋阳王氏、渤海刁氏、琅琊王氏北归后的发展为例

魏晋南北朝时期,一些原先南迁的士族由于各种原因回归北方。这些北归士族在北朝的发展状况迥异。太原王氏与渤海刁氏北归后在北朝顺利发展,分别呈现出“中央化发展模式”与“土著化发展模式”。琅琊王氏却因为没有成功实现“中央化”．也没有完成“土著化”,因而在北朝迅速衰落了。     

发展中国家私立教育新现象:为低收入群体服务

通常认为私立学校主要为中、上等收入家庭服务,然而最近的研究发现,发展中国家大量低收入家庭选择私立学校来获得教育服务.产生这种状况的原因在于公立学校教育质量不如人意,教育开支在私立学校和公立学校之间的差距并不大,以及公立学校的高限制性入学要求等.发展中国家应致力于改善低收入群体的受教育条件加大对低收入群体的教育补偿投资;优化教育投资分配比例;规范对私立学校的管理;提高公立学校的教育质量.     

Understanding and supporting adoptive families

The number of adopted children in early childhood classrooms continues to rise each year; teachers need knowledge of adoption issues in order to face the unique challenges and meet the special needs of these children and their adoptive parents. This article provides “adoption awareness” for early childhood educators and offers practical suggestions for working with adoptive parents and their children. A list of adoption resources and consultants is included, along with a collection of suggested adoption books for young children.     

少子化与日本的学校教育改革

当前日本已进入少子化时代，伴随着少子化，日本人口出生数量显著减少，合计特殊出生率也急剧下降，这无疑给以“人”为对象的教育的发展带来巨大的影响。本文就日本的少子化给予教育以怎样的影响，以及学校教育为此而采取了哪些改革等问题作一全面阐述。     

东晋南朝出土墓志中的历史地理问题研究举例

东晋南朝墓志文中包含着丰富的历史地理资料,主要是与墓主籍贯、婚姻、仕宦、爵位及葬地等相关的历史地名。墓志所载的历史地名,不仅有助于补充、核实与纠正相关文献记载,而且有利于深入认识和判断东晋南朝的某些历史地理问题,如侨置与"土断"等。此外,解读墓志地名中所蕴含的历史文化内涵,对六朝士族政治、婚姻等研究领域的拓展也不无裨益。以南京出土的6方陈郡谢氏墓志为例,墓志地名集中反映的诸多情况,一定程度上也折射出整个六朝谢氏一族的兴衰历程。     

Abuse in the investigation and treatment of intrafamilial child sexual abuse

This paper examines the effects of current practice in the investigation and treatment of documented incest abusers on the offenders and families involved. Fifteen offenders attending the Utah Parents United group completed a questionnaire on the sequence of events in the investigation and prosecution of their cases and the concomitant results of the investigation on their job status, living and financial situations, family and social relationships, and media reporting of the abuse. Results indicate that there is great variability in the investigation and prosecution of incest cases and the public announcement of abuse convictions. The consequences of the abuse investigation are devastating for offender and his family in terms of job loss; need for public assistance; family disbandonment through removal of the offender, victim, or both from the family, marital separation, and foster care for nonabused siblings; changes of residence, and the public announcement of the abuse in the media. Results also show that offenders receive little, if any, social support from family or friends. Changes in the current approach to the investigation and prosecution of incest offenders are proposed and include the following: (1) banning the publication of convictions for child abuse; (2) streamlining the legal process so that it is consistent from case to case; and (3) developing diversion programs as alternatives to prison for offenders. Suggested are self-help, court-ordered therapeutic programs, such as Parents United, that are designed for the treatment of families involved in child sexual abuse and incest. The desired outcomes of such a diversion program are low offender recidivism, avoidance of the offender's family being placed on welfare, less reliance on foster care placement for the offender's children, involvement of the offender's family in moving toward reunion when feasible, and the use of existing half-way houses in lieu of incarceration when necessary.     

论汉末名士到魏晋士族的复杂历程--以汉末颍川荀、陈、钟三家为中心

东汉末年的大姓名士是魏晋士族的前身，但并不是所有的大姓名士都能成为士族。比较汉末颍川地区的荀、陈、钟三家的三代代表人物，分析他们朋友、师生、婚姻等不同层面的关系，并从家风、家学、政治权力等的演变来看，三家士族形成的道路及特点：早期服膺儒学，反对外戚宦官专政的政治态度相同；其后，师生、婚姻等关系沟通加强了他们之间的政治联合，文化的传承，学术的熏陶，权力的把握及政治制度的保障，共同促成了汉末名士向魏晋士族的转变。