Understanding the Language Demands on Science Students from an Integrated Science and Language Perspective

This case study of a science lesson, on the topic thermal expansion, examines the language demands on students from an integrated science and language perspective. The data were generated during a sequence of 9 lessons on the topic of ‘States of Matter’ in a Grade 7 classroom (12–13 years old students). We identify the language demands by comparing students' writings with the scientific account of expansion that the teacher intended the students to learn. The comparison involved both content analysis and lexicogrammatical (LG) analysis. The framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics was adopted for the LG analysis. Our analysis reveals differences in the meaning and the way LG resources were employed between the students' writings and the scientific account. From these differences, we found the notion of condition-of-use for LG resources to be a significant aspect of the language that students need to appropriate in order to employ the language of school science appropriately. This notion potentially provides a means by which teachers could concurrently address the conceptual and representational demands of science learning. Finally, we reflect on how the complementary use of content analysis and LG analysis provides a way for integrating the science and language perspectives in order to understand the demands of learning science through language.     

军用软件的黑盒测试方法综述

在对军用软件进行功能测试时,通常采用黑盒测试方法,常用的黑盒测试方法有等价类划分法、边界值分析法、错误猜测法、因果图法和场景法等。在设计测试用例时针对实际军用软件综合应用这几种黑盒测试方法。     

青岛市海岛旅游主体功能分区

考虑到海岛环境的特殊性、资源承载的有限性、空间开发功能的衍生性,从海岛旅游开发适宜性和海岛可持续保护的角度,与国家主体功能区规划和全国海岛保护与开发规划相衔接,构建海岛旅游功能分区评价指标体系,确定海岛旅游资源开发的适宜性评价因子及评价标准,并引入模糊多级综合评判理论,构建基于层次分析法的模糊综合评判模型。根据旅游资源开发适宜性综合评分结果以及海岛旅游开发的实际情况,合理确定不同区域海岛旅游开发功能的区划标准,以制定青岛市海岛旅游资源开发功能的区划方案。将青岛市海岛划分为旅游资源优先开发区、适度开发区、限制开发区、禁止开发区,根据区划方案进行海岛旅游开发功能空间定位和评价分析,为青岛市海岛旅游资源可持续开发利用提供理论和决策依据。     

土地市场运行对经济增长的影响：作用机理与实证评价

本文基于一个城市土地市场运行对经济增长影响的理论框架,系统探讨和实证评价了中国土地市场运行对经济增长的作用机理和影响程度。研究结果指出,土地市场运行对经济增长的影响主要是通过经济要素投入与配置的改变展现出来的,包括土地一级市场运行对经济要素投入的规模扩张效应,土地二级市场运行对经济要素配置的结构优化效应,以及土地市场化程度发展对经济要素利用的经济激励效应。这三大效应在目前中国土地市场的运行过程中存在着明显的结构差异,其对经济增长的贡献率分别为5.07%、0.20%和2.65%,即规模扩张效应>经济激励效应>结构优化效应。因此,为更好地促进土地市场运行的经济增长作用效应的发挥,中国政府仍需采取必要的政策措施,以进一步完善土地市场结构和规范土地市场的运行。     

Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis

Various researchers and policy analysts have made empirical studies of innovation systems in order to understand their current structure and trace their dynamics. However, policy makers often experience difficulties in extracting practical guidelines from studies of this kind. In this paper, we operationalize our previous work on a functional approach to analyzing innovation system dynamics into a practical scheme of analysis for policy makers. The scheme is based on previous literature and our own experience in developing and applying functional thinking. It can be used by policy makers not only to identify the key policy issues but also to set policy goals.     

试析高等学校体育的功能

高校体育的功能是体育理论界一直争论不休的焦点之一。目前,有一点已取得共识,就是高校体育有多种功能,但对其研究仍处于无序混乱的状态,众说纷云。本文,在众多学者研究的基础上,针对21世纪高等学校体育,从本质、对象及与社会的联系等方面探讨其功能。     

核心力量训练对高中生功能性运动能力影响的研究--以普定县第一中学为例

本文采用文献资料法、实验法等,探究核心力量训练对高中生功能性运动能力的影响。通过对对照组和实验组进行为期3个月的实验,实验组通过核心力量训练的介入,7个测试动作中,跨栏架步、直线弓箭步、稳定俯卧撑和旋转稳定性等动作模式质量得到显著提升,其他提升不显著,就整体而言,实验组学生的功能性运动能力得到提高;对照组学生的7个测试动作虽有提升,但提升不明显,就整体而言,对照组学生的功能性运动能力提高不明显。     

"对等"与"信达雅" --中外翻译评量理论比较

综评中国关于“信达雅”的翻译评量理论以及西方关于“对等”的相关的翻译评量理论,可以看出两种翻译评量理论的特点。西方的评量理论倾向科学,具有较强的实际操作性以及理论指导意义;中国的评量理论倾向艺术,能够发挥激励作用,可是相对抽象含混。两者具有相异的文化渊源和兼容并包的发展前景。     

两类模子范畴间等价的联系

模子范畴Copres(KA)与Gen(PR)间的等价与模子范畴Cogen(KA)与Pres(PR)间的等价是模范畴中两类重要的等价。本文主要给出了这两类模子范畴间等价的联系。