开放教育课程面授辅导学生到课率的研究

面授辅导课是开放教育教学质量保证不可或缺的一环.本文立足宁波电大开放教育直属班面授辅导课学生到课率的现状,从学生、教师和教学管理工作等多个角度来分析造成到课率低的原因,并有针对性地研究提高到课率的有效措施.     

关于沿海发达地区开放教育招生如何开拓创新的实践思考

开放教育是基层电大多元化办学的主要形式,有效开展开放教育的招生是基层电大生存与发展的前提。随着生源的不断滑坡及办学竞争的愈演愈烈,如何保持开放教育招生的良好势头,已成为基层电大难以逾越的瓶颈之一。为此,基层电大必须开拓创新,加强市场调研,全力拓展招生渠道,出台相关有效招生的政策,积极推行多元化促招、扩招的措施,并要努力挖掘全方位招生的新领地,提升内涵建设新品牌,以积极有为的姿态确保电大发展久盛不衰。     

以微博为载体的高校思想政治教育探析

微博的出现迎合了大学生对社会新信息和新知识的渴求,它本身具备思想政治教育载体的身份特征以及思想政治教育的功能,使之在高校思想政治教育中的应用成为可能。鉴于微博对思想政治教育的双重影响,高校应从加强大学生的媒介素养教育、建立思想政治教育实践意义的高校微博平台及促进微博与高校思想政治理论课教学的结合三方面强化以微博为载体的高校思想政治教育。     

我国高校图书馆馆藏结构的变化对图书馆教育职能的影响及其对策

由于图书和期刊的持续涨价和购书经费的严重不足,高校图书馆普遍采取“压书保刊”和“减少复本,增加品种”的馆藏资源建设方针,此外高校在管理实践中大量引入量化管理措施,这使得高校图书馆馆藏结构发生着微妙的变化。这种变化弱化了高校图书馆的教育职能,影响了高校的教育质量,应引起图书馆界的高度重视。参考文献9。     

Can social integration in schools be mandated: Evidence from the Right to Education Act in India

Although Affirmative Action policies have been enforced in many countries, their consequences are highly understudied, especially in the context of developing economies. Section 12(1)(c) of the Right to Education (RTE) Act enforced in 2009 is the first attempt to introduce affirmative action in primary schools in India. The act requires all private schools to reserve at least twenty five percent seats for children from economically weaker sections. To understand the effect of the act on i) social integration and ii) academic outcomes, we asked 1500 children (grades one to three) from four schools to answer friendship surveys and short tests in Mathematics and English. The schools in our sample vary considerably in constitution and were intentionally chosen to understand the impact of the act in different school settings. The friendship surveys show strong homophily i.e. non-RTE students cite other non-RTE students as friends, while RTE students chose to be friends primarily with other RTE students. Trends in test scores reveal that students admitted under the RTE quota score significantly lower than non-RTE students. However, RTE students who have a higher share of non-RTE friends have better test scores, suggesting that affirmative action may have a positive influence on learning outcomes for RTE children. Further we note that commitment from the school authorities and systematic monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the act will go a long way in bringing out some of the benefits that this act was designed to achieve. Our findings have important policy implications with respect to ensuring proper implementation of the Section12(1)(c) of the RTE act in schools across the country.     

Education response to COVID 19 pandemic,a special issue proposed by UNICEF: Editorial review

This editorial paper presents 11 papers related to the special issue proposed by UNICEF on the Education Response to COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic provoked an education emergency of unprecedented scale. At its onset in February 2020, school closures were announced in the worst-hit countries. At the peak of the crisis, 90 per cent of learners worldwide had had their education disrupted. Some learners, especially those from the most marginalised population groups, were put at risk of permanent dropout, provoking long-term and significant negative effects on children’s life-long wellbeing and the socio-economic development of their communities and countries. This special issue, which received contributions from UNICEF staff and various researchers, focuses on the impact of school closures, the effectiveness of remote learning solutions, equity implications, the mitigation of learning loss and notions around re-opening better. Different research perspectives and evidence is gathered to help strengthen policy considerations and future planning. The conclusion emphasizes building on the innovative solutions generated by the response to the crisis to make education systems more resilient, whilst also reinforcing the focus on equity and inclusion so that pre-existing disparities are not exacerbated in the future.     

新工科背景下基于“互联网+”慕课教学在高校《化工设备机械基础》教学中的应用

随着产业升级步伐的加快,新产业新技术的不断出现,同时对人才培养提出了新的挑战,化工专业作为一个传统的学科,更应该适应传统化工转型升级的需要,加快培养模式的转变,使高校化工教育与社会需求更好地衔接。     

上海“体教结合”举措下竞技体育后备人才“学生-运动员”双重角色的认同、冲突与转化

“体教结合”是解决当前我国竞技体育发展问题的重要途径和举措。传统的体育后备人才培养模式只重视专项体育技能的发展而忽视了文化教育的重要性，不利于个体的全面发展。“体教结合”更重视人的全面发展，体育与教育的融合，使得竞技体育人才逐渐从运动员这一单一角色向“学生-运动员”双重角色转变。研究以角色认同为切入口，探讨上海“体教结合”举措下，角色的转变对体育竞技后备人才的影响。选取上海体育学院中国乒乓球学院少年班学员作为“学生-运动员”样本，选取国家乒乓球青年队及部分省市队队员作为职业运动员样本，使用结构化心理测量工具，对比两类受访者在运动与学业上的角色认同、心理倦怠与动机变量的差异。得出：在上海“体教结合”举措下，竞技体育后备人才认同“学生-运动员”双重角色，他们在学业任务中的卷入程度更高；双重角色使运动员在运动任务与学业任务上的主观价值感存在差异，表现出双重角色之间的冲突，但对个体的整体人生规划并不冲突；双重角色之间的转化，对于“学生-运动员”的心理健康存在促进效应。     

An analysis of the reach and effectiveness of distance learning in India during school closures due to COVID-19

In India, more than 276 million children and youth were out of school for extended periods since March 2020 due to school closures in response to COVID-19. A key challenge has been how to measure the impact of responses to continuity of learning both to ensure more effective responses in the event of further disruptions, but also to help the education community conceptualize more creative and effective approaches to learning, through blended and flexible approaches. This study reflects on the findings from a UNICEF survey targeting parents and adolescents across 6 states in India, and identifies lessons learned for addressing learning inequities during future school closures. We focus on measuring three key variables – access to technology, their utilization, and perceived learning for different profiles of children. As students began learning from home, technology access rates in households were initially used to determine the estimated maximum reach of different distance learning modalities during school closures. Beyond access, we find significant variations in adolescents’ use of technology for learning purposes and their perceptions of learning, linked to the type of remote learning modality, gender, location and type of school. We discuss the implications for government strategies and policies to ensure better utilization of technologies which are available in households and to address equity gaps in learning opportunities.     

A qualitative investigation of design knowledge reuse in project-based mechanical design courses

ABSTRACT

The interpretation and reuse of previous design solutions, or precedents, is central to design. This paper describes qualitative research conducted over three years at two institutions, aimed at investigating the role of design knowledge re-use in project-based mechanical design courses. Research data were collected through participant observation, student interviews, anonymous questionnaires, and website analytics. The paper identifies challenges that must be addressed in order to support novice engineers in rehearsing the types of knowledge required to successfully reason about and engage with design precedents. Two categories of design precedents are identified: concept precedents and detail precedents. Providing students with access to the latter is identified as a particular challenge, as is providing students with access to engineering communities of practice. Approaches to addressing these challenges are discussed.