Ferrimagnetic mPEG-b-PHEP copolymer micelles loaded with iron oxide nanocubes and emodin for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia–chemotherapy

As a non-invasive therapeutic method without penetration-depth limitation, magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) under alternating magnetic field (AMF) is a clinically promising thermal therapy. However, the poor heating conversion efficiency and lack of stimulus–response obstruct the clinical application of magnetofluid-mediated MHT. Here, we develop a ferrimagnetic polyethylene glycol-poly(2-hexoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane) (mPEG-b-PHEP) copolymer micelle loaded with hydrophobic iron oxide nanocubes and emodin (denoted as EMM). Besides an enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) contrast ability (r₂ = 271 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹) due to the high magnetization, the specific absorption rate (2518 W/g at 35 kA/m) and intrinsic loss power (6.5 nHm²/kg) of EMM are dozens of times higher than the clinically available iron oxide nanoagents (Feridex and Resovist), indicating the high heating conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this composite micelle with a flowable core exhibits a rapid response to magnetic hyperthermia, leading to an AMF-activated supersensitive drug release. With the high magnetic response, thermal sensitivity and magnetic targeting, this supersensitive ferrimagnetic nanocomposite realizes an above 70% tumor cell killing effect at an extremely low dosage (10 μg Fe/mL), and the tumors on mice are completely eliminated after the combined MHT–chemotherapy.     

"物种混合"引起的伦理困境及其解决思路

用于治疗各种严重威胁人类疾病的基因移植和干细胞技术已经使制造越来越多的人兽混合体变得更容易和更迫切,当代社会出现了许许多多人兽混合的"喀迈拉"."喀迈拉"对人类伦理的挑战主要表现在:人体干细胞的来源、这些人兽混合体的生物学地位、社会地位和繁育后代等问题上都与人类的道德认同存在巨大反差.在对待"物种混合"引起的道德禁忌问题上,人类的态度应该更宽容一些.     

A mixed methods approach to the assessor's targeting behavior during online peer assessment: effects of anonymity and underlying reasons

This study examined the effects of identity revelation and concealment on the number of times students' work was assessed in an online peer assessment context. It also examined the underlying reasons guiding the assessor's targeting behavior. Two fifth-grade classes participated. The one-group pretest–posttest experimental research design coupled with qualitative research method was adopted. The results from social network analysis (SNA) showed a high redundancy rate for both high- and low-targeted assessees in identity-revealed and identity-concealed conditions for both classes. Moreover, the density metrics indicated that all sociograms were similarly sparse. The Wilcoxon tests further confirmed that there were no significant differences in the assessees' ranking in the two conditions for both classes. Finally, analysis of students' self-reflective data revealed that the features/content of the work to be assessed, rather than who the question-author was, was the determining factor when it came to deciding the target for online peer assessment.     

中国血管医学的过去、现在和将来

远古有文字记录的血管医学资料可回朔到2000多年以前，当时是以中 医、中药和针灸为主要诊治血管疾病的手段。现代医学自18世纪末引入，至上世纪50年代初 可进行一些动脉结扎和截肢类的手术。20世纪60年代以后，以我国断肢（指、趾）再植的成 功及布加综合征治疗方面的创新标志着我国显微血管外科和血管外科的发展和领先水平。从 20世纪90年代初始以微创法成功治疗创伤性动静脉瘘，后又以同法治愈腹主动脉瘤，并于20 世纪90年代末开始用以治疗夹层动脉瘤并取得成功。近来细胞和分子水平的研究已经取得一 些成果。展望前景，腔内治疗将被广泛地应用，其装置将获进一步改进。基因和药物涂层支 架、组织工程技术将在血管外科中得到更广泛而有效地应用。     

白藜芦醇脂质体的制备及肝靶向性研究

目的：确立白藜芦醇脂质体比白藜芦醇是否具有更好的肝靶向性。方法：采用薄膜超声分散法制备白藜芦醇脂质体,从小鼠尾静脉注射白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇脂质体,以紫外检测法检测小鼠肝脏中白藜芦醇含量为考察指标。比较白藜芦醇与白藜芦醇脂质体在0．5h、2h、8h后在肝脏中的存留量确定肝靶向性差异。结果：白藜芦醇脂质体在尾静脉注射0．5h、2h、8h后在肝脏比单纯白藜芦醇具有更高的肝组织分布量。结论：白藜芦醇脂质体具有更好的肝靶向性。     

New Technique Developed to Identify Clusters of Proteins on the Plasma Membrane of Immune Cells

<正>When our bodies are under attack from foreign organisms,such as bacteria and viruses,our immune system orchestrates a complex fight-back involving many separate parts.One important component of this response is a type of cell called the B-lymphocyte–it is this cell that is at the forefront of our     

运用高通量测序研究Alport综合征多能干细胞的microRNA及其靶基因(英文)

目的:寻找来源于Alport综合征患者与正常对照者的多能干细胞差异性表达的microR NA,并对差异性表达的microR NA靶基因进行预测。创新点:本研究不同于一般的试验标本,试验标本是来源于尿肾脏管细胞诱导而成的多能干细胞。基于Alport综合征是遗传疾病,我们对一遗传家系进行了系统的分析。寻找特异性的差异性表达microR NA及其靶基因,从基因水平对Alport综合征进行研究。方法:在前期工作中,成功地从实验者与对照者的尿肾脏管细胞诱导成多能干细胞。运用高通量测序技术分析并发现实验者与对照者之间差异性表达的microR NA。对差异性表达的microR NA靶基因进行预测,并进行靶基因聚集分析,研究靶基因主要参与的生物学过程。同时进行靶基因信号传导通路的分析,研究靶基因主要参与的细胞信号传导通路。结论:在实验组与对照组之间,发现了30个具有显著差异性表达的microR NAs,包括19个上调表达与11个下调表达。差异性表达的microR NA的靶基因主要聚集在细胞膜和细胞代谢过程;靶基因主要参与嘌呤代谢通路与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路。     

不完美定向广告的两阶段竞争模型(英文)

研究了双寡头市场条件下,基于不完美定向的定向广告竞争模型.通过两阶段博弈来描述新产品或升级产品引入时不完美定向对企业广告及定价决策带来的影响.第一阶段通过价格竞争辨识消费者,第二阶段广告作为传递产品信息和价格歧视的工具.比较分析不完美定向与完美定向情况下企业的广告和定价策略,均衡结果显示:在不完美定向条件下,当广告成本足够低时,会出现在完美定向情境下不可能出现的均衡,即两企业均会选择向对方的优势市场投入广告.这一均衡的存在会导致2种相反的结果:当广告成本较高时,不完美定向能缓和价格竞争并增加企业利润;但当广告成本足够低时,随着不完美定向程度的增加,反而会加剧市场竞争并导致企业利润损失,因此,企业有动机降低定向误差的程度.