“海上画派”花鸟画的艺术风格及对现代创作的影响

“海上画派”是我国近代绘画史上一个重要流派。“海上画派”在继承传统绘画“扬州八怪”绘画思想的基础上,具有其独特艺术风格和鲜明的时代感。他们的画作既保持了中国画的一些传统特点,又以开放的胸怀融合着西方绘画,这些绘画的特点为后来中国的花鸟画如何包容并消化西方绘画的冲击而寻求的变革而提供了重要的启示。这些启示对于中国现代的水墨花鸟画创作有着非同一般的意义。     

语言经济学视角下的高等外语教育改革

2011年初纳入国家"十二五"规划纲要的中原经济区为河南省高校外语教育改革提供了契机。该文以语言经济学理论为依据,通过分析人力资源的重要性,对高等外语教育的改革提出一些建设性意见,即高校外语教育改革一定要以市场为导向,本着社会效益的原则,走多元化、市场化的新型人才培养模式。     

On the Application of Classified English Teaching in Vocational School

Over the past years,with the increasing enrollment of high school,vocational schools are facing great challenge for their existence and development,concerning the low proficiency of the students and great gap among them.The traditional English teaching mode which employs the same teaching contents,same teaching methods and teaching aims cannot satisfy students with different English levels.Therefore,in order to change the present situation,this paper proposes a new English teaching mode:classified English teaching.In the new mode,different students will be taught by different materials,different methods and with different aims.It can stimulate students’enthusiasm in English learning,and make every student develop appropriately.     

Bias in child maltreatment self-reports using interactive voice response (IVR)

Few methods estimate the prevalence of child maltreatment in the general population due to concerns about socially desirable responding and mandated reporting laws. Innovative methods, such as interactive voice response (IVR), may obtain better estimates that address these concerns. This study examined the utility of interactive voice response (IVR) for child maltreatment behaviors by assessing differences between respondents who completed and did not complete a survey using IVR technology. A mixed-mode telephone survey was conducted in English and Spanish in 50 cities in California during 2009. Caregivers (n = 3,023) self-reported abusive and neglectful parenting behaviors for a focal child under the age of 13 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing and IVR. We used hierarchical generalized linear models to compare survey completion by caregivers nested within cities for the full sample and age-specific ranges. For demographic characteristics, caregivers born in the United States were more likely to complete the survey when controlling for covariates. Parenting stress, provision of physical needs, and provision of supervisory needs were not associated with survey completion in the full multivariate model. For caregivers of children 0–4 years (n = 838), those reporting they could often or always hear their child from another room had a higher likelihood of survey completion. The findings suggest IVR could prove to be useful for future surveys that aim to estimate abusive and/or neglectful parenting behaviors given the limited bias observed for demographic characteristics and problematic parenting behaviors. Further research should expand upon its utility to advance estimation rates.     

Strain,depressed mood and suicidal thoughts among maltreated adolescents in the United States

Almost one-fourth of maltreated adolescents report they have thought about killing themselves in the last two weeks. We draw on Agnew's strain theory to develop a model to account for variability in suicidal thoughts among this high-risk group. We used data from a nationally representative sample of 572 maltreated adolescents, aged 11–15. One dimension of relational strain (poorer relationship with peers) and greater depressed mood were directly related to whether adolescents did or did not think about suicide. Depressed mood mediated the relationship between two strain variables (relationship with caregiver and with school) and suicidal thoughts. Child maltreatment strain (being severely harmed) and substance use were not directly related to suicidal thoughts; however, depressed mood appeared to mediate the relationship between drug use and suicidal thoughts. Adolescents who experience child maltreatment and who appear to be disconnected from caregivers, friends and school should be screened for depression and suicidal thoughts.     

Contextual and pedagogical considerations in teaching for forgiveness in the Arab world

This study was conducted among Arab teachers in four countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and Palestine) to examine their views and methods on teaching for forgiveness in their classrooms. A total of 87 teachers in K-12 classrooms participated in semi-structured interviews as part of a larger study on teaching for forgiveness in the region. Thematic analyses of interviews suggested that teachers created opportunities to model and teach forgiveness as part of their civics education curriculum. They also expressed eagerness for instructional guidance and curriculum materials to systematically teach forgiveness in schools. The strength of religion and historical religious figures as positive sources for teaching forgiveness was also evident. Findings highlight the need to integrate education for peace and forgiveness in the education system, especially as a result of recent political developments in the Middle East, and to provide methods to assist teachers to do so in their classrooms.     

Does promoting school attendance reduce child labor? Evidence from Burkina Faso's BRIGHT project

Using data from BRIGHT, an integrated program that aims to improve school participation in rural communities in Burkina Faso, we investigate the impact of school subsidies and increased access to education on child work. Regression discontinuity estimates demonstrate that, while BRIGHT substantially improved school participation, it did not reduce – in fact may have increased – children's participation in economic activities and household chores. This combination of increased school participation and work can be explained by the introduction of a simple non-convexity in the standard model of altruistic utility maximizing households. If education programs are implemented to achieve a combination of increased school participation and a reduction in child work they may either have to be combined with different interventions that effectively reduce child work or they may have to be tuned more carefully to the incentives and constraints the child laborer faces.     

How Moroccan mothers and fathers view child development and their role in their children's education

Despite the documented importance of parental engagement in early learning, little is known about how parents in the Middle East and North Africa understand child development. To inform the literature, a small-scale study involving four focus groups was conducted with parents of children aged six years and under living in Casablanca. The purpose of this study was to explore parents' understanding of and support for their children's early development. Results reveal that parents see a vital role for themselves in their children's upbringing as supporters and nurturers, but little role as teachers. Across different education and income levels, parents in this small-scale qualitative study believe that children's experiences in their first years of life do not affect their longer-term intellectual development or school success and see little value in early intellectual stimulation or formal preschool education. Our results suggest that parents need to understand their role as their child's first educators. Also, it is essential that parents are taught how to promote their children's early cognitive development without undermining their nurturing roles.     

“都市病”与新感觉派小说中的身体话语

以施蛰存、刘呐鸥、穆时英为中心的新感觉派在20世纪30年代的中国风靡一时,他们以身体话语作为解构"都市病"的有效手段,揭露上海的纸醉金迷、光怪陆离,通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉甚至由此而形成的通感,敏锐地体验世界,从社会态身体、生理态身体和心理态身体三个层面呈现都市人在自我与社会、自我与他人、自我与自我间的龃龉与对抗、分裂与冲突,并以空虚落寞为其美学特征。病态的社会造就了患病的身体——虚妄的眼睛、成了塑像的白金女体和作为面具的笑,作为一种文化符号的身体,从而具有了意味深长的社会历史内涵。而新感觉派对感觉的强调恰恰从反面印证了现代都市人丧失感觉的冷漠。     

The defining features of teacher talk within autonomy-supportive classroom management

Classroom management practices were studied in middle school classrooms with positive interpersonal classroom climates, high levels of student engagement, and high levels of autonomy support. Students' motivational responses to autonomy-supportive instructional interactions were explored to understand variability within classroom management practices identified and described in this study as providing autonomy support. Our findings suggest proactive classroom management is enacted through instructional interactions wherein teachers scaffold students' autonomous self-regulatory capacities that sustain student engagement in classroom activities by supporting students' strategy use, transferring responsibility to students, encouraging students' to structure physical and social contexts to support learning, and promoting prosocial behavior.