体貌回指研究的认知语法视角

传统意义上,回指主要指篇章中指称代词、名词与其先行词的对应关系。作为语言一种范畴和语义表现形式,体貌作为语篇回指研究的可能性以及回指机制的研究未能得到重视和深入的研究。本文采用兰纳克的认知语法体貌分析框架,依据回指研究的基本理念,尝试勾画出认知语法视角下的体貌回指认知图示。     

新建本科院校英语专业独立语法课教学现状调查与分析——以铜仁学院为例

对新建本科院校英语专业二年级学生进行了问卷调查和访谈,旨在了解该类学校英语专业独立语法课的教学现状。调查结果表明:96%的学生认为语法教学很重要,对语法教学有着很大的需求;一半以上的学生缺乏对显性语法知识的了解和对语法能力的运用;90%的学生认为语法课时不够;87%的学生希望用英汉结合(主要是汉语)授课;学生获取语法知识的渠道单一;学生的自主学习性不强;教师的教学方法、教学能力以及责任感对学生语法的兴趣取向有着很大的影响。     

语言认知论对生成论的挑战

20世纪70、80年代诞生的认知语言学对传统的生成主义理论提出强有力的挑战。基于语言生成论的主要缺陷,从儿童母语习得、新词新语及新的语言构式的产生等方面可以探得语法系统的认知理据。新的认知视角能够对语言的产生、进化、产出与识解提供了更好的解释。     

Sequence matters! Retrieval practice before generative learning is more effective than the reverse order

As follow-up to an initial study phase, both generative learning activities and retrieval practice can substantially enhance learning, but via different functions. Generative activities are theorized to mainly serve the function of constructing coherent mental representations of the learning content that are well integrated with prior knowledge, whereas retrieval practice is theorized to mainly serve the function of consolidating learners’ mental representations in memory. In view of these complementing functions, the present study investigated whether the sequence of these activities matters. In an experiment with N = 158 university students, we varied the sequence of generative learning and retrieval practice after an initial study phase. We found that the retrieval-before-generation sequence yielded better retention and reduced cognitive load during both types of activities. We conclude that although it might seem counterintuitive, engaging learners in retrieval practice before engaging them in generative learning can be more beneficial than vice versa.     

Teaching Grammar and Testing Grammar in the English Primary School: The Impact on Teachers and their Teaching of the Grammar Element of the Statutory Test in Spelling,Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG)

The research examined the impact on teachers of the grammar element of a new statutory test in Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG) in primary schools in England. The research aimed to evaluate the nature and the extent of changes to the teaching of grammar and to wider literacy teaching since the introduction of the test in 2013. The research explored teachers’ responses to teaching grammar to a statutory test format, and how teachers implemented rapid curriculum change in their classrooms. The research sought to learn the perspectives of teachers as they adjusted to new English assessments and new expectations for children’s language in the primary school. This paper draws on teacher interviews (n = 16) and an online survey of teaching staff (n = 170). Teachers discuss their knowledge, understanding and enjoyment of grammar at their own level, and their skills for teaching pupils; they also discuss their observations of how pupils have responded to explicit grammar teaching and the grammar test. The data give some insights into the processes for teachers of applying new requirements for teaching and testing grammar, and how teachers strive to make grammar accessible to children. The findings discussed in this paper are: (1) since the introduction of the statutory SPaG test in primary schools, time spent teaching decontextualised and contextualised grammar has increased significantly; (2) grammar is now taught explicitly and formally as a classroom literacy routine; (3) the test format influences grammar teaching content and approaches; (4) teachers observe that pupils enjoy learning grammar and taking the test; (5) teachers disagree about the extent to which explicit grammar teaching and testing have a positive impact on pupils’ language and literacy skills; (6) teachers feel more confident about teaching grammar.     

The Processing of Inflectional Morphology: A Comparison of Children with and without Dyslexia

Children aged 11–12 years with a diagnosis of dyslexia (DR) were compared to chronological and reading-age matched poor readers (PR), and two normal reader groups, age-matched (CA) and spelling and reading-age matched (SA–RA), on their processing of inflectional morphology. In comparison to SA–RAs and PRs, the DRs made more spelling errors on regular past tense verb endings relative to irregular past tense verbs and non-verbs. In reading, the DRs took longer than the other groups to make decisions in the written but not oral condition of a tense judgement task. In addition, they were less affected than the PR and SA–RA groups by case altered disruption to the morpheme boundary of inflected verbs. The findings suggest dyslexic children do not show deficits in morphological processing in spoken language, but they are slower at reading and less accurate at spelling regularly inflected verbs compared with normally developing younger children. This difference could plausibly be accommodated within the Phonological Deficit Hypothesis of dyslexia.     

从语法的角度看成人高校英语写作教学

语法在成人英语写作中有重要的作用，从成人学生的实际，成人学生的语言水平，成人高校写作教学的现状看，我们不能轻视语法的学习。通过各种措施和途径，帮助学生巩固和活用语法知识，对提高英语写作能力具有十分重要的意义。     

构式语法及其对语言习得和教学的启示

构式语法基于认知语言学理论而建立,采用认知的方法研究语法。本文首先介绍了构式语法的认知基础及构式语法的一些要点。进而讨论了构式语法研究对语言习得和外语教学方面的启示。构式语法对语义和语法的整合,能帮助语言工作者合理地分析语言习得过程中语法构建和理解能力提高的现象,并将其研究成果应用于语言教学。     

筚路蓝缕,以启山林--纪念林玉山先生《汉语语法学史》出版二十周年

文章旨在纪念《汉语语法学史》出版二十周年。《汉语语法学史》结合汉语实际，从史的角度，对汉语语法学作了较为系统的研究。为构筑汉语语法学史的理论框架做出了重要贡献，是我国汉语语法学史的开创性著作。     

浅谈机器翻译存在的问题

本文主要从语言文化语法及语篇的上下文联系等角度对目前机器翻译进行初步的探讨,指出机器翻译在翻译过程中没能跨越不同文化之间的障碍不能进行正确的语法分析及上下文联系等问题。同时文章还指出了这些问题导致了目前机器翻译的现状不容乐观,以期引起读者对机器翻译的重新认识和思考。