东北地区湿地资源动态分析

该文以1986年和2000年遥感影像作为基本信息源,在遥感和GIS技术支持下,建立了东北地区湿地空间数据库,分析了该区湿地资源动态变化情况,并从土地利用方面阐述了其变化原因.得出的基本结论为:①15年来,该区人工湿地增加,天然湿地减少,反映了人为干扰不断加强,湿地生态系统服务功能下降.其中,人工湿地中灌溉水田增加尤为突出,天然湿地中沼泽地的减少最为明显;②15年间,湿地资源的动态变化具有区域性,虽然总体而言,三省天然湿地都在减少,人工湿地都在增加,但黑龙江湿地类型变化幅度最大,辽宁次之,吉林变化较小;③东北湿地变化的原因在于气候变化、人口增长和土地利用方式的改变,其中土地利用主要包括大量开垦、土地改良、围湖造田、农业产业结构调整、城市化等原因.     

The NICE OECD countries’ geographic search filters: Part 1—methodology for developing the draft MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) filters

Objective:There are no existing validated search filters for the group of 37 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This study describes how information specialists from the United Kingdom''s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) developed and evaluated novel OECD countries’ geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) to improve literature search effectiveness for evidence about OECD countries.Methods:We created the draft filters using an alternative approach to standard filter construction. They are composed entirely of geographic subject headings and are designed to retain OECD country evidence by excluding non-OECD country evidence using the NOT Boolean operator. To evaluate the draft filters’ effectiveness, we used MEDLINE and Embase literature searches for three NICE guidelines that retrieved >5,000 search results. A 10% sample of the excluded references was screened to check that OECD country evidence was not inadvertently excluded.Results:The draft MEDLINE filter reduced results for each NICE guideline by 9.5% to 12.9%. In Embase, search results were reduced by 10.7% to 14%. Of the sample references, 7 of 910 (0.8%) were excluded inadvertently. These references were from a guideline about looked-after minors that concerns both OECD and non-OECD countries.Conclusion:The draft filters look promising—they reduced search result volumes while retaining most OECD country evidence from MEDLINE and Embase. However, we advise caution when using them in topics about both non-OECD and OECD countries. We have created final versions of the search filters and will validate them in a future study.     

What is the effect of country-specific characteristics on the research performance of scientific institutions? Using multi-level statistical models to rank and map universities and research-focused institutions worldwide

Bornmann, Stefaner, de Moya Anegón, and Mutz (2014) have introduced a web application (www.excellencemapping.net) which is linked to both academic ranking lists published hitherto (e.g. the Academic Ranking of World Universities) as well as spatial visualization approaches. The web application visualizes institutional performance within specific subject areas as ranking lists and on custom tile-based maps. The new, substantially enhanced version of the web application and the generalized linear mixed model for binomial data on which it is based are described in this paper. Scopus data are used which have been collected for the SCImago Institutions Ranking. Only those universities and research-focused institutions are considered that have published at least 500 articles, reviews and conference papers in the period 2006–2010 in a certain Scopus subject area. In the enhanced version, the effect of single covariates (such as the per capita GDP of a country in which an institution is located) on two performance metrics (best paper rate and best journal rate) is examined and visualized. A covariate-adjusted ranking and mapping of the institutions is produced in which the single covariates are held constant. The results on the performance of institutions can then be interpreted as if the institutions all had the same value (reference point) for the covariate in question. For example, those institutions can be identified worldwide showing a very good performance despite a bad financial situation in the corresponding country.     

在地理师范生中开展教具制作活动的必要性

地理教具是提高课堂教学质量的重要手段.地理教具制作有利于提高教师的创新能力和业务水平,有利于深化教学改革,有利于提高师范生的就业竞争力.制作地理教具是地理师范生必备的一项基本功,是地理师范教育必不可少的一个环节.     

高等师范院校地理科学（教育）专业课程设置问题及对策分析——以安阳师范学院为例

以我国高等师范院校地理科学发展概况为背景,分析了安阳师范学院地理科学在课程设置方面存在的问题及其解决对策。认为其在课程设置方面存在的问题主要有培养目标过于宽泛,缺乏时代性;重理论教学,轻野外实习和实践能力的培养;课程设置较多,存在着重复现象。解决的对策在于整合学科资源,完善人才培养目标;注重素质培养,强化实习、实践环节;凝练课程设置,构建现代化的课程体系。     

The geography of access and excellence: spatial diversity in higher education system design

In a “settler society” such as Canada, inequalities in higher education have geo-political dimensions, necessitating a theoretical framework that considers the geographic distribution of material wealth and power. This paper explores both the economic and social implications of the geographical distribution of the higher education system in British Columbia, Canada, including the ways in which stratification by institutional type may reinforce spatial inequalities. The study shows that system expansion has not improved regional representation, which has socio-economic implications.

我国产品地理标志的法律保护

实施产品的地理标志保护战略对促进我国经济的快速发展有重要作用。本文将针对当前我国产品地理标志保护重视不够、认识不清、法律内容不完善以及地理标志产品保护存在法律冲突等问题,提出完善地理标志产品保护的相关法律建议。     

浅谈地理教学中板图运用的重要性

在地理教学中巧妙地运用板图是帮助学生解决疑难、掌握知识的一种简单有效的好方法。它能够帮助学生集中注意力，更具针对性和灵活性地加深学生印象，帮助学生理解记忆，是地理教学中不可或缺的工具。     

地理学科在中学环境教育中的优势分析

地理教育和环境教育在学科性质上有着广泛而密切的联系,而且可持续发展理论的提出和基础教育的改革也为在中学地理教育中开展环境教育提供了理论基础和现实保障.因此,地理学科可以在中学环境教育中发挥其主渠道的作用.     

例谈“6W”法在区域地理教学中的应用

"6W"法是一种流程,更是一种工具,为人们提供了科学的工作分析方法,人们不但可以通过"6W"法来认识、把握有关内容,还可以通过这些程序回忆相关内容,"6W"法为人们提供了一种思维模式。在区域地理教学中,应用"6W"法可以明确区域空间定位、了解区域发展阶段、说明区域地理特征、分析区域事象成因、指出区域发展方向、阐释区域借鉴意义。文章以《鲁教版高中地理必修3》"德国鲁尔区资源开发与区域可持续发展"为案例,探讨"6W"法的应用。模式可以复制,从而创造规模效益,对提高学习效率很有帮助,同时也有利于提升学生的思维能力。