Investigation of Fogging on Glass Display Cases at the Royal Ontario Museum

ABSTRACT

Shortly after a major renovation at the Royal Ontario Museum, it was noticed that the glass panels in many of the new display cases exhibited fogging or hazing on the surface, sometimes in very specific patterns. Cleaning removed the fogging temporarily, but it began to reappear within 12 months. An investigation of fogged glass panels in display cases was undertaken to understand the source of the fogging and to develop an appropriate cleaning method. This included the analysis of residues from glass panels in several galleries, and surface imaging and compositional analysis of glass panels. The fogging residues on the glass panels consist mainly of sodium salts of organic acids and inorganic anions. Sources of the sodium in the residues include air particulate matter and the glass itself. The organic acids and inorganic anions that form salts with the sodium cations likely originate from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in the air. Examination of the fogging patterns on the glass panels revealed that the sodium salts grow on marks made during cleaning attempts and the manufacturing process. These cleaning and manufacturing marks contain greasy residues that encourage crystal growth. Because of the variation in surface cleanliness, panels with more cleaning and manufacturing residues appear to be heavily fogged while those with less may appear to be unfogged in the museum display cases. A cleaning protocol was tested on two of the glass panels, and was found to remove all traces of grease and fogging residue.     

对博物馆暖通空调系统的简单思考

博物馆暖通空调系统对博物馆正常运行的意义重大。本文简单分析了博物馆暖通空调系统设计的相关问题,然后分析了系统常见故障,并提出了相关的处理办法。     

法象与性情:子张之儒的从政之道

子张之儒是先秦儒家重要一派,将出土文献、传世文献和相关的理论作品串联成篇,可窥其思想演变之脉络。具体讲,该学派在孔子殁后致力于发扬孔门从政思想,逐渐构造出一套较为完善的政治哲学理论。其核心纲领可用“居敬而行简”概括,其中“居敬”属于从政者自身修养方面,以追求君子“威仪”为目标;“行简”则属于从政者莅民为政方面,以治理百姓为内容。在此理论框架之下,子张及其后学还概括出“虑以下人”“五美四恶”“敬刑为德”“明于礼乐”“知民之性”等理念,并试图回答“政治是什么”“政治何以可能”等哲学问题,客观上促成了当时学界关于人性善恶之讨论。     

Supporting family conversations and children's STEM learning in a children's museum

This study tested the effectiveness of a facilitated educational program in a museum for promoting family conversations and children's learning about STEM. A sample of 130 families (71 European-American; 33 African-American; and 26 Hispanic-American) with children M age = 6.42 years were observed in a building construction exhibit. Prior to building, families were randomly assigned to conditions that varied in terms of the instructions about a key engineering principle and elaborative question-asking they received. Conversation instruction resulted in adults’ asking double the number of Wh-questions compared to families who did not receive the instruction. The building instruction was important in promoting increases in adults’ STEM-related talk during the building activity, as well as in the children's STEM talk when prompted for information about what they had learned. The effects of the instructions did not vary by families’ ethnic background. Implications for facilitating family conversations and children's learning related to STEM are discussed.     

赞美忧愁:论上博简《诗论》关于《诗·柏舟》的评析

关于《诗.邶风.柏舟》诗的主旨历来有歧义,但以《诗序》所说的"仁人不遇"之诗为近是。上博简《诗论》第26简的内容,为此提供了新的证据。《诗论》以"闷"字来评析《柏舟》,字意为忧愁。这个评析,是孔子政治思想以及他对于隐士看法的表现。在孔子看来,《柏舟》诗的作者,为国事孜孜以求而不遂其志并被小人排挤的时候,是何等的忧愁,然而这又是非常美丽而无奈的忧愁。     

青岛技术博物馆陈列展览初探

青岛技术博物馆是青岛职业技术学院在实训技术馆的基础上建设的,属于高校博物馆类。这种定位决定了青岛技术博物馆的宣传、陈列展览等活动应以学院特色专业及相关技术为依托。青岛技术博物馆应在这一定位的指引下,规避容易出现的问题,做好陈列展览工作,这样才能更好地发挥其学校教育和社会教育的作用,为社会主义文化建设作出贡献。     

Ways of (Not) Seeing Guns: Presence and Absence at the Cody Firearms Museum

Boasting over 6000 objects, including replicas of a western hardware store, a frontier stage stop, and a late nineteenth-century industrial factory, the Cody Firearms Museum, located at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming, is “the largest and most important collection of American firearms in the world.” 1 1. Treasures from Our West (Cody, WY: Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1992), 44. The museum, which creates a decidedly visual space through its near-exclusive engagement with looking, employs an aesthetic of domestication and sterility to frame firearms for museumgoers. Even as it transforms guns into inert objects of visual pleasure, the museum cannot fully erase the history of violence and colonial conquering in which guns played a starring role. The museum's rhetorical effectivity/affectivity, then, turns upon the unique play of presence and absence.     

敦博本《坛经》的动补结构

敦博本《坛经》有一些动补结构,如“入得门”,“打破烦恼碎”,“出去”,“打三下”,“除却”等,反映了近代汉语的某些语法特性。     

An evaluation of daylight distribution as an initial preventive conservation measure at two Smithsonian Institution Museums, Washington DC, USA

This paper presents the results of a light levels survey conducted at the Donald W. Reynolds Center for American Art and Portraiture in Washington DC. The museum space is shared by the National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. After six years of extensive renovations, the building reopened to the public in July 1, 2006. The structure was not originally designed to house a museum collection since it contains numerous openings such as windows, doors and skylights, which provide a path for natural radiation to enter the building and come in contact with the artworks. From a preventive conservation standpoint, this is an important problem since sensitive works of art in the collection may be subjected to damage caused by light exposure. Environmental data loggers installed throughout the museum were programmed to take successive measurements every 10 min for 24 h a day, 7 days a week and 52 weeks a year. This light levels assessment started in November 1, 2007 and finished in October 31, 2008. This study presents a new method for determining natural radiation exposures registered in exhibition spaces that rely on both electric lighting and natural lighting, considering the growing trend of using daylight illumination in museums.