上博简楚辞类文献研究综述

《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书（八）》公布了四篇前所未见的楚辞类文献,学术界已经就这批文献展开了热烈的讨论。2011年10月之前,学者们的讨论主要围绕文字释读展开,且以网络为主要平台。之后的研究平台逐步由网络转移到纸质书刊,同时讨论的重心开始由文字释读向综合研究以及文学史考察转变。就具体方向而言,目前上博简楚辞类文献的研究主要集中在文字释读、文学史研究、语言学研究、与今本《楚辞》的对读等方面。在文学史研究、综合研究等方面,尚有待进一步拓展。     

专题博物馆建设与保定区域文化发展

专题博物馆对于保定文化的构建与传播起着重要作用,保定地域广博、遗存众多,专题博物馆资源极其丰富,但是由于观念、资金、人才等多种原因,专题博物馆建设还处于起步阶段。保定市应采取多种措施,推进专题博物馆建设的步伐,将众多的专题博物馆打造成为保定的文化“名片”,推动保定文化建设,进而推动保定经济社会的发展。     

刍议博物馆宣教工作的探索与研究

博物馆是展示、宣传人类历史文化和自然遗产、传播爱国主义教育的重要阵地,而宣教工作是博物馆的重要工作之一,随着社会的不断发展,人类对精神的需求日益增加,博物馆宣教工作将变得更加重要。为充分发挥宣教工作的优势,有必要博物馆宣教工作进行研究。本文主要从两大方面探索与研究了如何有效推进博物馆宣教工作。     

Analysis of the Educational Potential of a Science Museum Learning Environment: Visitors’ experience with and understanding of an immersion exhibit

Research pertaining to science museum exhibit design tends to be articulated at a level of generality that makes it difficult to apply in practice. To address this issue, the present study used a design‐based research approach to understand the educational potential of a biology exhibit. The exhibit was considered an educational environment which embodied a certain body of biological knowledge (Biological Organisation) in a certain exhibit type (Museographic Organisation) with the intention of creating certain learning outcomes among visitors. The notion of praxeology was used to model intended and observed visitor outcomes, and the pattern of relationship between the two praxeologies was examined to pinpoint where and how divergences emerged. The implications of these divergences are discussed at the three levels of exhibit enactment, design, and conjecture, and theoretically based suggestions for a design iteration are given. The potential of the design‐based research approach for educational exhibit design is argued.     

Biological Pest Control of a Biscuit Beetle (Stegobium paniceum) Infestation in an Old Masters Paintings Storage Area

ABSTRACT

We report on biological control of an active infestation by biscuit beetles (Stegobium paniceum) of museum objects (Old Masters paintings) in the storage facilities of the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna. Because chemical and non-chemical treatment methods would have been very problematic, the release of parasitic wasps (Lariophagus distinguendus) was discussed and accepted by the director of the collection. We released 3000 wasps every month from August 2013 until September 2014 in the two infested storage rooms and monitored the activity of biscuit beetles on sticky blunder traps and light traps, and also by visual inspection. In the insect monitoring of 2014 until 2018 no more biscuit beetles were found in the two storage depositories, showing that the treatment was 100% successful. To our knowledge, this is the first proof of a fully successful biological control of a museum pest using parasitoids only, and also of stored product/food pest, outside a laboratory experimental setup. This biological pest control method allowed avoiding negative side effects such as contamination from treatments with biocides, or costly logistics in case of chemical-free methods.     

博物馆在未成年人思想道德建设中的地位和作用探析

未成年人是祖国的未来、民族的希望,他们正处在人生打基础的阶段,思想道德教育尤为重要。博物馆教育作为学校和家庭教育的辅助和延伸,在中国特色社会主义建设中发挥着独特的作用,尤其对未成年人的思想道德建设起着举足轻重的作用。     

The Conservation of Plaster Casts in the Nineteenth Century

ABSTRACT

Plaster casts of ancient sculpture were widely collected by universities and museums through the nineteenth century. One of the intended functions of these casts was to preserve accurate 3D records of the sculptures, many of which were in remote locations around the world, often vulnerable to damage from weathering and vandalism. Gypsum plaster makes excellent casts, capturing fine surface details; however, it is also soft, porous, and easily damaged. This paper draws upon historical archives and patents to reveal the considerable efforts made during this period to create new techniques, recipes, and equipment to try to protect the casts. Case studies are selected primarily from the collection of casts put together by Walter Copland Perry in the 1880s, originally for the South Kensington Museum but transferred in 1907 to the British Museum. Samples were taken from a number of these casts and examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. These results, combined with archival evidence, demonstrate that protective coatings were carefully applied in thin coatings to many of the casts. Barium appears to have played an important part in these protective treatments and further testing is recommended to evaluate the precise nature of its role. These treatments successfully protected the delicate surfaces of the casts for many years. However, later neglect means that these casts now suffer from a range of other threats to their condition.     

从芷江“和平节”展馆翻译问题对地方外宣翻译的思考

"和平节"的定期举行,使地处湘西一隅的偏远小县芷江在国内外的知名度和影响力不断扩大。然而,与之极不协调的是,笔者发现,举办"和平节"纪念活动的两个最重要的场所"受降坊"和"飞虎馆"展馆里的文字翻译存在不少显而易见的问题。就此进行分析和探讨,并提出相应的措施,以期抛砖引玉,引发同行对地方外宣翻译的思考,也希望能引起相关部门的关注和重视,并最终作出相应的改进,从而达到理想的宣传效果。     

千古风流名寰宇 一蓑烟雨任平生——三苏祠馆藏《东坡笠屐图》研究

东坡笠屐故事作为绘画题材,成为《东坡笠屐图》,繁而不衰,为历代画家所喜爱,其中不乏赫赫有名的大家。他们或工笔淡彩或白描抑或是写意表性,又有兼工带写,来表现苏东坡的闲散与野逸,笠屐故事已成为传统绘画题材上的一大亮点。在三苏祠博物馆的馆藏中就有木板刻画、拓片、砚台线刻图及画家的手笔《东坡笠屐图》共计10余幅,现对笠屐图的背景、鉴析题跋、分类以及笠屐图广泛流传的原因进行系统研究,以扬东坡之韵事,传东坡之旷达情怀。     

数字化视角下科普场馆转型的思考与实践探究——以上海科技馆为例

随着文化强国战略目标的确立,文化和科技融合进入新的历史阶段。数字经济规模的扩张,突然其来的新冠疫情,加速了文化产业的数字化转型进程。科普场馆兼有科技与文化的双重属性,也将面临新的机遇和挑战。文章从科普场馆数字化要义的角度切入,研究国内外科普场馆的数字化应用案例,从展览、教育、藏品、研究多个维度进行剖析,结合上海科技馆的具体实践,提出对于数字化时代科普场馆未来发展趋势及转型路径的思考和设想。