大学生挂科归因新偏差的成因评议与对策思考——基于某校高职生S的调查个案

目前,大学生挂科后的归因偏差普遍存在,并且逐渐将一种新的、危险的归因偏差由"潜"转为"显",即将考试的失败统统归结为教师的意愿,这在高职生中表现尤为突出。这种归因偏差不同于以往文献中公开讨论的任何大学生挂科归因偏差,而已有文献中提出的对策也是侧重于正确的归因训练,但对待如此简单极端的新归因偏差,其背后成因的深度思考更具现实预警意义。研究基于学生S的个案从微观个体层面、中观学校层面、宏观社会层面探讨影响S归因偏差的三维因素,认为社会不良风气引发校园考试诚信危机,学校考试机制弊端以及学生的考试道德滑坡和高职生特殊的学习心理是主要因素。并在对个案深层根源探究的基础上提出减少大学生挂科归因偏差的相应对策。     

论绘画基础课在高职设计专业教学中的失效

本文针对高职绘画基础课受到质疑、压缩的问题,论述了绘画与设计的密切关系,剖析了绘画基础课在高职设计专业教学中的失效不是绘画基础对于设计的无益,而是有更本质的原因——绘画基础课内容安排上与设计专业的疏离、高考招生制度造成的生源素质的下降,以及学生对基础课的学习态度。     

中国农民专业合作社的“规制失灵”--基于规制政策执行和供给的视角

政府规制是政府为了维护公众利益和纠正市场失灵而规范市场主体活动的行为。农民合作社是因提高农民组织化程度而具有广泛正外部效应的特殊市场主体,如何规范并推动其发展,是政府规制的重要议题。目前中国政府对农民专业合作社的规制中存在“规制失灵”现象：一方面,在规制政策执行层面,财政资金投向“重硬件,轻软件”,政府扶持过分强调“扶优扶强”,政府对合作社规范运行的规制不力,以及规制政策执行层面漏洞较多等问题,使政府规制的效率受损;另一方面,在规制政策供给层面,尚未建立有效的合作社运行监督机制,政策配套措施和实施细则出台滞后,以及农村金融政策和农业保险政策供给滞后等问题,都在制约着政府规制优化。     

油浸式电流互感器局部放电故障实例分析

结合辽宁电力有限公司某变电站油浸式电流互感器局部放电的故障实例,对该设备结构、故障情况、试验数据和解体检查等方面进行阐述和分析,得出导致此次局部放电的原因是绝缘受潮的结论。最后,对电流互感器的制造工艺和检测方法提出了具体建议。     

Metabolic remodeling in chronic heart failure

Although the management of chronic heart failure (CHF) has made enormous progress over the past decades, CHF is still a tremendous medical and societal burden. Metabolic remodeling might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of CHF. The characteristics and mechanisms of metabolic remodeling remained unclear, and the main hypothesis might include the changes in the availability of metabolic substrate and the decline of metabolic capability. In the early phases of the disease, metabolism shifts toward carbohydrate utilization from fatty acids (FAs) oxidation. Along with the progress of the disease, the increasing level of the hyperadrenergic state and insulin resistance cause the changes that shift back to a greater FA uptake and oxidation. In addition, a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the improvement in the metabolic capability is likely to be more significant than the selection of the substrate.     

The third sector and the governance of education

This article explores the nature, scope and form of third-sector involvement in education in New Zealand as demonstrated through a comparison of its relationship with the state in two distinct periods of state and educational development. It begins with an analysis of the period of state expansion from crown colony to centralised administration in the mid-1870s. It then examines the relationship in the decade following the restructuring of education in 1989, as the neoliberal state negotiated economic changes at the national and supranational levels, and challenges to the existing educational organisation from both the political left and the political right. Although an almost mirror image of nineteenth-century arrangements is identified, the nature of the state/third-sector relationship was vastly different as a smaller, but nonetheless stronger, state retained control over the governance of education and, with it, possibilities and limitations for third-sector involvement.     

Achievement Goals and Persistence Across Tasks: The Roles of Failure and Success

The focus of this study is on the role of achievement goals in students’ persistence. The authors administered 5 puzzles to 96 college students: 4 unsolvable and 1 relatively easy (acting as a hope probe). They examined whether and how persistence may deteriorate as a function of failing the puzzles, as well as whether and how persistence may rebound after an event of success. Time spent engaging in the task comprised the dependent variable persistence (representing a behavioral aspect of engagement). Results suggested that mastery-oriented students persisted significantly longer compared with performance approach–oriented, performance avoidance–oriented, and amotivated students across failure trials. However, performance approach–oriented students were more likely to rebound after experiencing success. Qualitative data provided insights into the affective processes that accompanied engagement with the task.     

The role of managed mental health care in counseling gifted children and families

This study examined the role of managed mental health care in the counseling of gifted children and families. When gifted children and their families experience difficulties resulting from giftedness, they have the option of choosing a private provider, although cost is often prohibitive. Moreover, when insurance is used to offset the cost, most mental health insurance policies have a managed care component. One requirement of managed care is that services be medically necessary to alleviate a recognized mental illness diagnosis. Problems resulting from giftedness may not be recognized as a mental illness. As a result, insurance may not pay for these counseling costs. However, this does not have to be the case because of the flexibility managed care case managers have to make judgments. 40 managed care case managers were surveyed to address this issue. 14 of the case managers consented to individual interviews. The results indicate that some case managers would approve reimbursement and others would not. The study describes criteria and conditions that need to be met for reimbursement.     

粘塑性随机有限元及其对堤坝填筑问题的分析

基于Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下材料的非线性特征,结合粘塑性应力空间内破坏准则被有限超越期间的稳定时间步长,对随机数学覆盖下粘塑性数值算法的逻辑实现过程进行推导,在直接偏微分理论基础上建立了三维及平面应变条件下粘塑性非线性随机有限元的本构关系式,进而提出了基于全量理论的粘塑性非线性随机有限元列式,并以堤防填筑工程为例,分析研究了土质堤坝分阶段逐步填筑过程中的随机演化机理及堤坝结构的可靠度安全性,实现了堤防填筑工程的全程随机模拟。     

我国职业体育产业政府规制的动因分析

职业体育产业的垄断性、外部性、信息不对称等市场失灵问题会导致资源配置无法达到帕累托最优状态。同时,现阶段我国职业体育产业还存在着诸多市场欠缺问题。因此,在我国市场化导向的体育体制转轨过程中,政府规制扮演着重要的作用,不仅要解决市场失灵问题,还要解决市场欠缺问题。尤其是在市场机制不能到位的较长时期内,一定条件下,还需要政府实行积极的规制政策。