对花样滑冰训练大纲——单人滑等级测试的思考

随着花样滑冰项目的发展,对运动员技术和艺术综合能力的培养也提出了更高的要求。花样滑冰训练大纲就是有针对性地从技术和艺术2个方面提出不同的测试内容,从而更好地促进花样滑冰的教学和训练工作。对训练大纲——单人滑等级测试提出思考,并针对经常出现的问题提出建议。     

On the Pitfalls of Estimating and Using Standardized Reliability Coefficients

The population discrepancy between unstandardized and standardized reliability of homogeneous multicomponent measuring instruments is examined. Within a latent variable modeling framework, it is shown that the standardized reliability coefficient for unidimensional scales can be markedly higher than the corresponding unstandardized reliability coefficient, or alternatively substantially lower than the latter. Based on these findings, it is recommended that scholars avoid estimating, reporting, interpreting, or using standardized scale reliability coefficients in empirical research, unless they have strong reasons to consider standardizing the original components of utilized scales.     

慢跑鞋功能测评方法的探讨性研究

运动鞋的功能特性是运动员非常关心的问题.采用德国Novel公司的Pedar鞋垫式(in-sole)足底压力测量系统,对15名男运动员和10名女运动员分别穿着4款慢跑鞋、2款马拉松鞋和体操鞋(模拟赤足状态)进行3个速度(1.5 m/s、3 m/s和5 m/s)下的足底压力测量.通过步态周期(GC)、最大地面反作用力(MF)、最大足底压强(PPP)、压力-时间积分值(PTI)等参数的分析,以及通过鞋底材料的压缩实验,测试鞋底不同部位的弹性模量和力-位移曲线,对评价运动鞋功能特性的方法进行了有益探索,并得到了测评结果和结论.     

体质健康测量中耐力素质测试指标的有效性述评

耐力素质测试的指标主要有3种，其中台阶试验与运动耐力和最大耗氧量之间无高度相关，且与中跑得分之间是否存在显著差异，需要再次研究论证，不宜作为耐力素质测试指标；定量计时法（长跑）简便易行，健身价值较高，但影响成绩的因素较多，有时难以反映真实水平；20m节奏往返跑，既可有效测量人体的耐力水平，又有一定的健身价值，比较适宜。     

中年脑力劳动者亚健康状态与健康体质测试的比较分析

为了探讨中年脑力劳动者健康体质测试结果与医学检测指标亚健康状态的关系;对61例中年脑力劳动者健康体质测试结果与医学检测指标利用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行相关分析;结果得出：健康体质测试成绩优秀、良好的医学检测指标好于体质测试合格、不合格者,但通过SPSS13.0统计学软件进行相关分析（t〉0.05）,无差异性;最后结论为,中年脑力劳动者健康体质测试成绩优秀、良好一样存在医学检测指标不合格亚健康状态。     

腕关节软骨板生物力学特征研究

目的：腕关节软骨板为桡尺远侧关节与腕关节共同拥有的结构，具有缓冲尺骨小头与腕骨间的直接压力，分散载荷等作用。该结构为纤维软骨，在运动中不断承受着来自各方向的拉伸、挤压、剪切等力量，容易发生急性损伤与慢性劳损。方法：通过对新鲜腕关节软骨板共计60个试件进行不同应变水平下的“应力松弛试验”和等应变速度下的“拉伸试验”，了解腕关节软骨板在承受一维拉伸破坏试验时的力学性质，并用拟线性粘弹性理论对试验结果进行分析，建立了腕关节软骨板的本构方程。结果：腕关节软骨板的应力松弛程度较低，初始应力松弛率在8％～15％左右；腕关节软骨板的本构方程为：腕骨面为：σ^e（ε）=1.111（e^1.923k-1），尺骨面为：σ^e（ε）=1.111（e^2.904ε-1）；腕关节软骨板腕骨面与尺骨面力学性能差异不大。结论：急性运动损伤及其慢性劳损的发生与软骨板的部位关系不大，主要与腕关节受到打击的角度、关节运动的幅度以及使关节运动的肌肉工作性质等有关。     

Standardization and UNDERSTANDardization in Educational Assessment

Educational tests are standardized so that all examinees are tested on the same material, under the same testing conditions, and with the same scoring protocols. This uniformity is designed to provide a level “playing field” for all examinees so that the test is “the same” for everyone. Thus, standardization is designed to promote fairness in testing. In practice, the material tested, the conditions under which a test is administered, and the scoring processes, are often too rigid to provide the intended level playing field. For example, standardized testing conditions may interact with personal characteristics of examinees that affect test performance, but are not construct-relevant. Thus, more flexibility in standardization is needed to account for the diversity of experiences, talents, and handicaps of the incredibly heterogeneous populations of examinees we currently assess. Traditional standardization procedures grew out of experimental psychology and psychophysics laboratories where keeping all conditions constant was crucial. Today, accounting for and measuring what is not constant across examinees is crucial to valid construct interpretations. To meet this need I introduce the concept of understandardization, which refers to ensuring sufficient flexibility in standardized testing conditions to yield the most accurate measurement of proficiency for each examinee.     

一道中考题的探究与思考

通过对2009年福州市中考一道数学试题的探析,分析学生答卷以及学习中存在的问题,探讨培养学生解题能力与总复习备考的建议.     

台湾施行社会证书考试的历史与经验研究

台湾社会证书考试的历史发展经历萌芽开创、拓展推进和调整深化三个阶段。在发展过程中，台湾当局有关部门重视考试法制建设，把综合素质和实务能力列为考评重要内容，建立统一的考试管理机制，优化考试影响因子配置，并采取多种措施提高证书的效用性和权威性。中国大陆开展社会证书考试可从台湾地区相关领域的历史发展及做法中汲取诸多经验教训。