木兰秋狝与“康乾盛世”

木兰秋狝在清代众多围猎活动中最具声势和政治特色,富有成效地实施了对蒙古部落的抚绥政策,整训了军队,巩固了边防,促进了当地经济开发,对当世和后世都有着深远的影响。     

Traumatic and stressful events in early childhood: can treatment help those at highest risk?

Objective

This study involves a reanalysis of data from a randomized controlled trial to examine whether child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), an empirically based treatment focusing on the parent-child relationship as the vehicle for child improvement, is efficacious for children who experienced multiple traumatic and stressful life events (TSEs).

Methods

Participants comprised 75 preschool-aged children and their mothers referred to treatment following the child's exposure to domestic violence. Dyads were randomly assigned to CPP or to a comparison group that received monthly case management plus referrals to community services and were assessed at intake, posttest, and 6-month follow-up. Treatment effectiveness was examined by level of child TSE risk exposure (<4 risks versus 4+ TSEs).

Results

For children in the 4+ risk group, those who received CPP showed significantly greater improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms, PTSD diagnosis, number of co-occurring diagnoses, and behavior problems compared to those in the comparison group. CPP children with <4 risks showed greater improvements in symptoms of PTSD than those in the comparison group. Mothers of children with 4+ TSEs in the CPP group showed greater reductions in symptoms of PTSD and depression than those randomized to the comparison condition. Analyses of 6-month follow-up data suggest improvements were maintained for the high risk group.

Conclusions

The data provide evidence that CPP is effective in improving outcomes for children who experienced four or more TSEs and had positive effects for their mothers as well.

Practice implications

Numerous studies show that exposure to childhood trauma and adversity has negative consequences for later physical and mental health, but few interventions have been specifically evaluated to determine their effectiveness for children who experienced multiple TSEs. The findings suggest that including the parent as an integral participant in the child's treatment may be particularly effective in the treatment of young children exposed to multiple risks.     

我国民营企业员工培训存在的问题及对策

随着经济时代的到来,企业员工素质成为我国民营企业在市场上立足的第一资本,对员工培训显得相当重要,但目前我国民营企业员工培训仍然存在培训观念近视,资金不足,经验欠缺以及员工对培训认识不足等问题。结合我国民营企业的特点,提出我国民营企业培训的模式组合：“AA付费制与自助餐制”相结合模式。从培训内容、培训流程、培训模式选择三方面对这一培训模式进行论述。     

一次风机动叶调节装置故障原因分析及处理

一次风机动《调节装置故障严重影响机组安全、经济运行。通过对一次风机动《调节装置故障原因分析,提出处理方法并实施,实施后保证一次风机正常运行。提高一次风机的安全性、可靠性、稳定性和经济性。     

论中试基地发展应处理的几个矛盾

文章分析了目前我国中试基地在运行和发展上存在和面临的几个基本的矛盾，即试验与生产的矛盾、单一功能与多功能的矛盾、单位所有与行业开放的矛盾、开发生产的稳定性与产品市场多变性的矛盾，指出处理好这些矛盾是中试基地运行与健康发展的必要保证     

论反恐羁押的国际准则

反恐羁押是与恐怖主义势力作斗争的一项重要手段,但同时也是一把双刃剑:在将真正的恐怖分子予以羁押以维护国家、社会和公众安全的同时,也存在错误羁押无辜公民、粗暴践踏被羁押者权利的危险性。为防止反恐羁押所带来的消极后果,各国在制定反恐法律和政策,展开反恐行动时,必须遵守国际法所规定的一系列准则,严格按照国际法和国内法的实体和程序规定对恐怖犯罪嫌疑人采取羁押措施,并给予被羁押者以相应的人格待遇和权利保障。     

军事动员与乡村传统:以晋察冀抗日根据地优待抗属为例

优待抗属政策是中共军事动员思想的重要组成部分,也是中共壮大武装力量、巩固抗日根据地政权、抵制日本侵略的有效措施之一。抗日战争时期,基于对乡村传统的顺应,中共在晋察冀抗日根据地内推行了优待抗属政策,取得了显著成效。与此同时,体现中共政治理念的优抗政策还始终与乡村传统相纠葛,一定程度上制约了其实际效果。     

Treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer associated with pregnancy: analysis of 20 cases from a Chinese tumor institution

This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic approaches and prognosis for cervical cancer associated with pregnancy. Clinical information, therapeutic strategies, and follow-up results of 20 patients with cervical cancer associated with pregnancy from Jan. 2000 to June 2009 in the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages were: in situn=1), stage IA1 n=1), stage IB1 n=5), stage IB2 n=1), stage IIA n=8), stage IIB n=3), and stage IIIB n=1). Eight patients were in the first trimester of pregnancy, four in the second, two in the third, and six at postpartum when diagnosed. The therapeutic strategies were either single or combined modalities, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Fourteen patients survived, five patients died (four of remote metastasis and one of uremia), and one patient was lost to follow-up. One newborn from a patient at stage IIA carcinoma in the third trimester with postponed therapy six weeks after diagnosis survived. Retarded fetal growth was observed in one patient receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cesarean section. Out of the six postpartum patients, three underwent cesarean section and survived, whereas only one out of the three who underwent vaginal delivery survived. The remaining two died of remote metastasis. Therefore, personalized treatment is necessary for cervical cancer associated with pregnancy. Cervical cancer patients in the third trimester of pregnancy can continue the pregnancy for a short period of time. There may be potential risk for the fetus by chemotherapy during pregnancy. Cesarean section is the preferred mode of delivery for pregnant cervical cancer patients.     

Diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional survey

Background: The specialty of allergy developed quickly in western countries because of the rapid increase of allergic diseases, whereas it developed relatively slowly in China. The prevalence of allergen sensitization and allergic diseases in Zhejiang Province of China is high and improving the medical services for these diseases is critically needed. Objective: To investigate the working status of the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases, including doctor resources, diagnostic methods, and allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients of Zhejiang Province, and to provide instructions for the strategic development of subspecialties of allergic diseases. Methods: First we defined the doctors who treat allergic diseases, and designed a comprehensive questionnaire to collect personal and hospital information for these doctors. The questionnaires were distributed to hospitals with different ranks and from different areas in the province. The general condition of doctor’s resources, carryout of diagnostic methods, and allergen-specific immunotherapy were described and variations in the different specialties, hospitals, and areas were further analyzed. Results: Doctors in their thirties with bachelor’s degrees were the mainstream for diagnosing and treating allergic diseases. The main specialties of the doctor resources were the specialties of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Respirology, Pediatrics, and Dermatology. The Pediatrics specialty had a more reasonable infrastructure of doctor resources with more young doctors working in this subspecialty. The development of allergy subspecialty varied within hospitals at different levels or from different areas. The carryout of the skin prick test (SPT), serum specific IgE (ssIgE), and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) was best performed in provincial hospitals, while sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was prescribed most commonly in municipal hospitals. The performance of SPT and ssIgE in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Wenzhou areas was much better than that in other places. The performance of SCIT and SLIT was best in Wenzhou. Conclusions: Our survey revealed a very initial and unbalanced development for the allergy subspecialty in Zhejiang Province. Doctor resources for allergic diseases were mainly from the specialties of ENT, Respirology, and Pediatrics, and the performance of diagnosis and treatment was mainly focused on provincial and municipal hospitals. Continuous education of allergies could be extended to primary healthcare centers and more efforts should be directed to those areas with poor medical resources.     

基于电弧模型的单相接地故障仿真及分析

针对配电网中单相电弧接地情况,本文建立了准确可靠的电弧模型。文章在弧隙能量平衡理论的动态电弧模型基础上,提出了电弧通用模型以及不同特点的经典电弧模型,并利用Matlab/Simulink仿真环境对10k V电网中的单相电弧接地故障进行了仿真分析。文章所提出的经典电弧模型能准确、有效的反映配电网电弧接地故障的实际情况以及电弧性质。