The effect of adaptivity on the reliability coefficient in adaptive comparative judgement

Comparative Judgement (CJ) is an increasingly widely investigated method in assessment for creating a scale, for example of the quality of essays. One area that has attracted attention in CJ studies is the optimisation of the selection of pairs of objects for judgement. One approach is known as adaptive comparative judgement (ACJ). It has been claimed in the literature that ACJ produces very high reliability, often higher than can be obtained by conventional marking. Bramley showed by simulation that adaptivity can substantially inflate the apparent reliability in ACJ. The empirical study described here compared an adaptive with a non-adaptive CJ study using GCSE English essays. An all-play-all set of comparisons of a subset of the essays allowed the extent of scale inflation to be quantified: the reported adaptive reliability was 0.97 whereas the deflated value was 0.84. The value from the non-adaptive study was 0.72. However, the scale from the non-adaptive study correlated slightly higher with external variables, suggesting the non-adaptive study was no less valid than the adaptive one.     

中国共产党与阎锡山集团统一战线的形成

华北事变后,日本帝国主义加快了灭亡中国的步伐。山西军阀阎锡山怀着对日、蒋、共三方力量的恐惧,转向“联共抗日”,中国共产党对阎锡山集团所进行的以斗争求团结的争取工作,促进了山西抗日民族统一战线的形成。     

瑰玮俊迈诙诡恣肆--曾国藩对桐城派阳刚文风之张扬

师法韩愈雄奇之文风,是桐城派标举的一条文统.曾国藩真正实现了几代人的夙愿,其文学理论,“阳刚”之论独具特色.首重“气盛”,从着字、造句、分段、谋篇诸多方面进行探究.曾国藩的作品,是阳刚之文成功的典范,字里行间洋溢着浓烈的雄浑浩然之气,从一个侧面表现出那个剧变的社会的时代风貌.     

试论导学群的思想理论基础

山西电大创立了导学群实践模型,并对导学群进行了深入的实践探索和广泛的理论探讨,初步形成了有关导学群的科学内涵、结构、功能以及运行机制等理论。通过结合孔子的教育思想、人本管理思想和系统理论来分析导学群实践模型,论证导学群的思想理论基础和理论发展方向。     

日本的集团性社会文化

每一个民族都有自己独特的文化,对于日本来说,集团性是其社会文化的核心。在讲求资历的日本场所型集团社会中,序列意识构成是日本纵向社会的基础。在序列意识的基础上,日本形成了以武士道的"忠义"和儒家思想的"和为贵"为核心,以"忠孝恭顺"为宗旨,成员服从集团,下级服从上级的集团性文化。     

戴震《毛诗补传》中的文献整理方法研究

对戴震《毛诗补传》中文献整理的三种方法——注音、训诂、校勘进行梳理：首先，《毛诗补传》通过注音来表明经文押韵的方法，有直接表明与间接表明两种；它有时又能根据押韵规律来校勘经文。其次，《毛诗补传》训诂特点主要为：注重因声求义、反对缘词生训、点明行文规律。再次，《毛诗补传》校勘内容包括校衍、脱、误、异、错位等，使用校法多样，校法有单独使用与联合使用两种。     

基于共被引网络群体中心度的我国人文社会科学领域知识扩散网络研究

研究我国人文社会科学各学科间知识扩散网络和路径,可以为开展跨学科研究和促进学科之间的交叉融合发展提供参考。采用群体中心度指标,基于文献的引证关系和共被引网络对不同学科的网络位置进行了测度,探析了以共被引网络群体中心度为测量指标的我国人文社会科学领域知识交叉与知识扩散状况。结果表明经济学、政治学、法学等学科作为我国人文社会科学领域的重点研究领域,在整个科学知识网络中扮演着重要的角色,其研究内容本身具有较强的学科交叉性,且对各学科都有较强的辐射作用。此外,马克思主义学科对经济学、心理学对教育学和体育学、哲学对政治学、环境科学对人文地理学等也有较强的知识扩散能力。     

学术期刊论文基金项目的不当标注 ——基于林业行业学术期刊论文基金项目标注的调查统计

在学术期刊评价中,“基金论文比”是一项重要的评价指标,但个别学术论文乱标基金项目的现象一直存在。前人对此方面的研究将原因归于作者或期刊。从发现问题至今15年过去了,但这种现象并未减少。我们认为学术期刊论文基金项目不当标注的深层次原因在于:1)个别科研人员重复申请基金导致论文资助项目标注混乱;2)结题论文“一女多嫁”。以林业行业学术期刊标注基金项目调查结果为例,探讨了当前标注基金项目存在的问题,进而提出建议:1)基金管理部门要规范基金项目的重复申请监测和结项标准;2)学术期刊要正视“基金论文比”存在的真正意义和必要性,在工作中必须要求作者标注基金项目齐全。只有诚信标注基金项目,才能使基金项目真正发挥对科技的支撑作用。     

Metacognitive activity in the physics student laboratory: is increased metacognition necessarily better?

In this study natural-in-action metacognitive activity during the student laboratory in university physics is explored, with an aim towards quantifying the amount of metacognition used by the students. The study investigates whether quantifying natural-in-action metacognition is possible and valuable for examining teaching and learning in these contexts. Video recordings of student groups working during three types of introductory physics laboratories were transcribed and then coded using a coding scheme developed from related research on mathematical problem solving. This scheme identifies a group’s general behaviour and metacognitive activity. The study recognizes that reliably identifying metacognition is challenging, and steps are taken to improve reliability. Results suggest that a greater amount of metacognition does not appear to improve students’ success in the laboratory—what appears to matter is whether the metacognition causes students to change behaviour. This study indicates that it is important to consider the outcome of metacognition, not just the amount.