Identities in/out of physics and the politics of recognition

Framed within intersectionality, this multiple case study explores women's participation in physics through the construct of physics identity and with a focus on recognition. The study is drawn upon an empirical life-history exploration of three women: a native to Northwestern Europe, late-career white woman and two immigrant women to Northwestern Europe, one is an undergraduate student of color, and the other, an early career Muslim woman. The data for this study were collected through multiple, semistructured, interviews in a period of 2 years, which were analyzed using a constant comparative method. Collectively, the three life-histories tell stories of otherness, persistence, hope, and failure and they elucidate the kinds of identities that are deemed “in-place” and “out-of-place” in physics. They showcase how the three women authored multiple identities that simply co-existed for them, while for others were seen as conflicting and caused misrecognition. The findings point to four main insights: (a) recognition is neither linear nor binary and it comes in many different forms that range from explicit encouragement to no opposition; (b) it is drawn upon various sources including ones in the early years of life: family, school teachers, university instructor, students, and social community; (c) it is culture-dependent and as such, it is influenced by factors on multiple levels, including cultural and gender stereotypes, organizational policies, racism, sexism, classicism, and other forms of discrimination. The implications of these findings speak to the need for: (a) systemic programs on how women are recognized by others and which seek to widen and diversify physics environments from the school level to the professional level; (b) research exploration of the politics of recognition and how they perpetuate the underrepresentation of women in physics; and, (c) disrupting monolithic theorizations of recognition and adopting intersectional approaches to exploring physics identity that value women's personal histories, subjectivities, and positionalities.     

Benefits for immigrant-origin and nonimmigrant-origin youth of discussing immigration in gender and sexuality alliances

In a time of unprecedented polarization in the United States, particularly concerning immigration, schools are uniquely positioned to help students understand the consequences of drastic policy changes. Beyond formal settings such as social studies classes, extracurricular activities may be important for fostering discussions about sociohistorical and policy issues. Such discussions could serve to empower youth from marginalized populations and raise their critical consciousness. Yet the potential outcomes of discussions in these extracurricular settings have not been studied in depth. Using data collected in school-based Gender-and-Sexuality-Alliances (GSAs) throughout Massachusetts during the periods leading up to and following the 2016 US Presidential election, we examined whether discussions of immigration issues in GSAs were associated with greater empowerment and critical consciousness among 580 youth (M _Age = 15.59, range = 10–20 years). Multilevel structural equation models showed that the frequency with which youth discussed immigration, relative to their fellow members, was positively associated with residualized change in perceived peer validation for members in general and with residualized change in hope for immigrant-origin members only. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find significant associations for critical consciousness. Findings suggest how groups addressing issues of equity and justice can promote members' empowerment.     

教师持续专业学习与发展:内涵、条件与评估 ——专访英国诺丁汉大学荣休教授戴杰思

在教师发展领域,基于原有的教师“专业发展(PD)”“持续/连续专业发展(CPD)”,戴杰思教授进一步提出并强调教师“持续专业学习与发展(CPLD)”的概念。他认为,CPLD项目本质上是对教师实施的系列干预活动,主要是通过有意识地为教师提供有价值的学习内容和发展机会,促进教师的专业成长,从而实现学校的积极变革和可持续发展。在CPLD项目的设计和实施过程中,要重视教师的内因作用,特别是他们的情绪韧性;同时,学校在开展CPLD项目过程中,需要从四个方面保障其有效性,即正确认识教师学习的本质与改变、重视教师专业性、提升学校领导层重视度、创建专业学习共同体。由于教师工作的复杂性,CPLD项目实施效果的测量和评估需通过构建长期、多视角立体式的测评模式探索其有效的路径和方法。     

Unpacking (un)conscious social class bias in faculty hiring processes in Chile: PhD prestige granting university and network

Social class of origin is apparently an imperceptible attribute among doctorate holders seeking academic jobs. Yet, recent studies in different countries reveal that social class of origin may still be influencing the chances of PhD holders from low social class being hired at prestigious universities. Drawing from the theory of social and cultural reproduction, normative ‘fair’ academic hirings frameworks, and qualitative evidence collected in Chile, this research identifies the mechanisms that trigger (un)conscious social class bias in the stages of recruitment and selection of candidates in seven academic departments in economics and industrial engineering (46 interviews). Findings did not prove explicit classism manifestations, but practices of inclusion/exclusion of candidates based on the prestige of PhD-granting universities, and networks. These reproduce the relationship between social class and unequal chances of being connected to prestigious universities. Recommendations to address (un)conscious social class bias in academic hiring are discussed.     

教育财务管理信息系统设计

为提高学校的信息化管理水平,本文结合学校的业务需求和实际工作情况,研究并设计了适合学校的"教育财务管理信息系统",以期提高学校自身的财务管理效率,为学校的各项行政管理活动以及教学管理提供相关保障,从而促进学校更快更好地发展。本文基于软件工程面向对象的思想,采用统一建模语言UML进行财务管理系统的分析、设计和实现。     

基于.NET的大学生创业信息服务平台建设与规划研究

本文根据大学生创业园信息管理的需求,采用.NET技术,构建了一套基于B/S三层架构的综合信息服务管理平台。利用该平台,可以实现大学生创业管理信息化,为大学生创业提供更好的项目来源和技术支撑,提升大学生创业服务能力,整合各类创业资源,有效提高大学生创业的成功率。     

江西节能减排与清洁发展机制研究

清洁发展机制是根据《京都议定书》建立的一种创新型国际合作机制,是发达国家和发展中国家的一种国际合作方式,发展清洁发展机制项目既有助于推进实现节能减排目标,也为减缓全球气候变化作出积极贡献。江西具有开展清洁发展机制项目的优势,应充分利用清洁发展机制,实现"十二五"规划节能减排目标。     

基于鱼群的PSO粒子滤波算法

粒子群优化(PSO)粒子滤波算法比较而言,容易陷入局部最优,因此算法的准确度就会降低。本文在解决该问题时引入了一种基于鱼群的PSO粒子滤波算法。此算法是通过鱼群优化在采样过程中找到全局最优的相对位置,使其能够向全局最优的位置逐渐接近,同时提高估计有效的粒子数目,从而能够更有效的减少粒子退化与枯竭问题。实验表明,此算法与PSO粒子滤波算法相比,在估计准确度方面有了较大的提升。     

酸浆宿萼总皂苷对小鼠免疫活性的影响

本文以干燥的酸浆宿萼为实验材料,经乙醇回流提取,并通过溶剂萃取和大孔树脂进一步分离得到酸浆宿萼皂苷(TSP)。以不同剂量TPS连续20天对正常小鼠进行灌胃,探讨了TPS对小鼠免疫活性的作用。结果表明:高剂量(40mg/m L)的TPS溶液能极显著的增加小鼠的免疫器官指数(P0.05)和巨噬细胞吞噬指数;免疫球蛋白(Ig G)含量,P0.01;改善血常规指数。而低剂量(5mg/m L)的TPS溶液对小鼠上述指标有显著的正面影响,P0.05。总体上,在实验浓度范围内,TPS具有增强小鼠免疫活性的作用且呈剂量依赖性。     

Small Circles: Mobile Telephony and the Cultivation of the Private Sphere

This article examines how we use mobile telephony to maintain our physically and socially closest social circle. The analysis is based on traffic data gathered from Norway using approximately 24 million calls and texts made by private individuals. Previous research has shown that our temporal and spatial movement is highly predictable and that the majority of calls and text messages are sent to only four to six different persons. This article extends this research by examining both tie strength and the distance between the interlocutors in urban and rural settings. The findings show that even as information and communication technologies (ICTs) potentially put the world at our fingertips, the mobile phone is an instrument of a more limited geographical and social sphere. Approximately two-thirds of our calls/texts go to strong ties that are within a 25-km radius.