Edaravone protects PC12 cells from ischemic-like injury via attenuating the damage to mitochondria

Background： Edaravone had been validated to effectively protect against ischemic injuries. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of edaravone by observing the effects on anti-apoptosis, regulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression and recovering from damage to mitochondria after OGD （oxygen-glucose deprivation）-reperfusion. Methods： Viability of PC 12 cells which were injured at different time of OGD injury, was quantified by measuring MTT （2-（4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） staining. In addition, PC 12 cells＇ viability was also quantified after their preincubation in different concentration of edaravone for 30 min followed by （OGD）. Furthermore, apoptotic population of PC 12 cells that reinsulted from OGD-reperfusion with or without preincubation with edaravone was determined by flow cytometer analysis, electron microscope and Hoechst/Pl staining. Finally, change of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results： （1） The viability of PC12 cells decreased with time （1-12 h） after OGD. We regarded the model of OGD 2 h, then replacing DMEM （Dulbecco＇s Modified Eagle＇s Medium） for another 24 h as an OGD-reperfusion in this research. Furthermore, most PC 12 cells were in the state of apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion. （2） The viability of PC 12 cells preincubated with edaravone at high concentrations （1, 0.1, 0.01 μmol/L） increased significantly with edaravone protecting PC 12 cells from apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion injury. （3） Furthermore, edaravone attenuates the damage of OGD-reperfusion on mitochondria and regulated Bcl-2/Bax protein imbalance expression after OGD-reperfusion. Conclusion： Neuroprotective effects of edaravone on ischemic or other brain injuries may be partly mediated through inhibition of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic pathways by recovering from the damage of mitochondria.     

第12届欧洲杯角球攻、防技战术特征研究

通过文献资料法、观察统计法等方法，对12届欧洲杯29场、58队次的比赛进行统计，对比赛中的角球进攻形式、传中球技术、传中球落点区域、射门技术、射门区域以及防守组织形式等方面进行了重点统计分析。     

基于STC12C5A60S2的函数信号发生器的设计

研究了一种函数信号发生器。该信号发生器由单片机STC12C5A60S2、DDS芯片AD9851、以及高频运放AD603等组成,实现了幅度和频率可调的多种波形（三角波、方波、正弦波）输出的功能。通过实物制作。其性能指标达到了设计要求,具有一定的应用和推广价值。     

神经癌细胞PC12对二甲基亚砜耐受剂量的分析

通过观察不同剂量二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO)作用下PC12细胞形态和生长状态的变化,确定PC12细胞对DMSO的耐受剂量.按照一定浓度梯度(V/V)将DMSO加入培养液干预后的24、48和72 h于倒置相差显微镜下观察AO/EB染色前后细胞的形态特征,同时用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)显色法检测细胞的生存率和计算半数抑制浓度(50%inhibiting concentration,IC50).结果表明:DMSO浓度为14 mL/L时,24 h内90%的PC12细胞生长正常,形态完整,活力与对照组比较无差别,浓度提高到20 mL/L时,24 h时细胞生存率可下降27%,随着作用时间延长,细胞生存率进一步降低;24、48和72 h对应的IC50值分别为31.4、23.9和19.2 mL/L.因此,对PC12细胞而言,24 h内的应用终浓度应低于14 mL/L,干预时间如需延长,DMSO的应用剂量应相应降低.     

The structure and evolution of industrial clusters: Transactions, technology and knowledge spillovers

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between location patterns, innovation processes and industrial clusters. In order to do this we extend a transactions costs-based classification into a knowledge-based taxonomy of clusters, along the lines suggested by a critical revision of the main assumptions underlying most of the existing literature on spatial clusters. Our arguments show that the transactions costs approach and the innovation and technological regimes framework are broadly consistent, and that real insights into the microfoundations, nature, and evolution of clusters can be provided by these classification systems.     

The impact of cognitive communities on the diffusion of academic knowledge: Evidence from the networks of inventors of a French university

Looking at micro-data on the networks of inventors of a French science university, we investigate whether the kind of cognitive relationships between researchers influences the geography of their collaborations.The hypothesis we test (and confirm empirically) is that academic knowledge diffuses in a restricted geographic area when the connected researchers belong to epistemic communities, whereas communities of practice entail less localised effects. We also show that institutionally mixed research teams do not impede large knowledge diffusion.     

中小学在线教育培训机构发展的现实困境与策略选择

近年来,我国中小学在线教育平台发展迅猛,呈现出市场前景广阔、集群现象明显、运营模式多元的现状和特点。从公共监管视角,对其监管面临相关法律政策不完备的制度困境和多头审批存在监管漏洞的主体困境;从私人监管视角,其资本逐利性遮蔽了教育的公益性和平台机构主体权利义务超越了传统范畴。对此,结合中小学在线教育平台的特殊性,可采用公共监管与私人监管相结合的方式,以公共性原则和包容审慎原则为导向,建立健全相关法律制度,强化政府职能部门的协同监管作用,明确中小学在线教育平台机构的私人监管权力。     

Teacher Perceptions of Parent Engagement at a Cyber High School

A growing number of adolescents are taking all or most of their courses online. This places a greater responsibility on parents to support and facilitate their students' learning. This case study used teacher surveys and interviews to better understand how teachers perceived and supported parents' attempts to support their online students at a single online charter school. The results indicated that teachers observed multiple ways in which parents supported their students by (a) organizing and managing students' schedules, (b) nurturing relationships and interactions, (c) monitoring and motivating student engagement, and (d) instructing students when necessary. However, teachers believed that parents could act as obstacles to their students' learning by being overly engaged in certain types of learning activities. Additional research is needed that examines parent engagement in a variety of online learning environments. Research that identifies best practices could also be especially valuable to online teachers and administrators wishing to improve the quantity and quality of parental engagement in their programs.     

Students' Acceptance of Tablet PCs in the Classroom

In recent years digital technologies, such as tablet personal computers (TPCs), have become an integral part of a school's infrastructure and are seen as a promising way to facilitate students' learning processes. This study empirically tested a theoretical model derived from the technology acceptance model containing key constructs developed in previous research on the acceptance of technological innovations. On the basis of the research model, it was hypothesized that students' acceptance of tablet PCs could be explained by key constructs and could be distinguished in organizational, individual, and technological factors. The survey research was conducted in three German middle schools, involving a total of 120 students. Overall, participants' attitude toward the TPC positively predicted their behavioral intention to use the TPC and as such had the strongest direct influence. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding factors affecting students' attitudes in order to manage and influence the integration of TPCs in schools.     

Krankenanstalten; Arbeits- und Sozialrecht; Gesetzgebungskompetenz

Der Landesgesetzgeber vermag seine Gesetzgebungskompetenz betreffend die angefochtene Bestimmung arbeits- und dienstrechtlichen Inhalts angesichts dieser Komplexit?t weder auf den Kompetenztatbestand des Art 12 Abs 1 Z 1 B-VG "Heil- und Pflegeanstalten", noch auf die Kompetenznorm des Art 21 Abs 1 B-VG zu stützen.