国际科学教育发展的对比研究——理念、主题与实践的革新

科学教育的重要性不在于传递给学习者确定性的知识,而在于让他们学会把知识作为认知世界的方式,以应对世界的不确定性。21世纪国际科学教育发展以人类可持续发展为指向,以培育科学素养为目标,注重渗透科学本质教育,关注通过深度与连贯的课程搭建科学学习的"共同基础",利用技术激发和融合科学教育创新,强调科学与人文的统一,发挥非正式学习的重要作用,并通过国际评估提升质量。对于科学教育及其重要性的新认识推动着国际科学教育的持续变革,这些趋势对于我国科学教育的战略转型具有启示意义。     

关于在“十二五”规划中设置国土资源领域核心指标的建议

国土资源是经济社会可持续发展的基石,直接关系到粮食安全、经济安全、国防安全和生态安全,是生存之基,发展之本,财富之源。在规划"十二五"发展之际,有必要把国土资源领域带有全局性、根本性的问题纳入国民经济和社会发展规划,从而使国土资源在参与宏观调控的过程中发挥保障发展、保护资源的基础性作用。     

基于FPGA控制的暖气温度均衡系统

随着科技的进步和社会的发展,国家社会越来越重视可持续发展的重要性,提高供热效率也是节能减排的重要一环,同时还可以进一步改善人们的居住环境。经过市场调查我发现现在还没有一套成功应用在人们生活中自动调节室内温度的控制系统,其实恒温不仅可以节约供暖量,同时也做到了人性化服务,居民将生活的更加舒适。本文进行了供暖系统中测量室温和调节室温的研究。本文首先介绍和分析了相关技术,在此技术基础上给出了系统的设计目标和解决方案,并描述了系统的组成和各部分的主要功能;然后介绍了I2C串行总线,从而成功的运用了数字温度传感器测量室温;接着介绍了FPGA控制部分的设计;该方案利用了FPGA的典型应用,串口通信技术,步进电机SP1508,数字温度传感器LM75A等内容。     

软科学研究要关注“十二五”发展重大问题

当前,国际经济形势和经济发展驱动因素发生了新的变化,科技和创新成为经济发展的主要推动力。在此背景下,为各级政府和科技部门提供科学决策依据的软科学研究处于非常关键的位置。为全面促进"十二五"经济社会发展,软科学研究需要抓重大问题,要注意研究基础性理论和政策问题,要特别突出实践性,要提高软科学研究位势,扩大影响。     

基于S12的运动轨迹采集及处理的研究

本文以飞思卡尔杯全国大学生智能汽车比赛为背景,制作一个在专门设计的跑道上能自主识别道路行驶的智能车,智能车控制的前提是能够准确及时采集到跑道的图像,本文主要介绍以S12微处理器的CCD采集跑道图像的处理方法。为了处理易受外界环境影响的CCD视觉传感器采集运动轨迹的信号,故采用了视频数据二值化处理、去干扰处理方法,得到较好效果。     

Synthesis and properties of hyper-dispersants

The synthesis and properties of three kinds of hyper-dispersants are studied in this paper, which are non-terminated, carboxyl-terminated and polyethylene imine grafted poly(hydroxyl carboxylic acid) ester. The hyper-dispersants are synthesized by the materials of 12-hydroxy-stearic acid, stearic acid and polyethylene imine, which are used to improve the dispersion properties of nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) in low-concentration resin solution system. The influences of hyper-dispersants on the viscosity and stability of the system are studied. It is found that polyethylene imine grafted hyper-dispersant has the best dispersion performance in nano-TiO₂ dispersion system, and the optimal content of the hyper-dispersant is 4%. Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Disciplines (Grant No.T0105), and the Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Donghua University), Ministry of Education of China     

香港儿童青少年阅读研究与推广

进入21世纪以来,香港儿童青少年阅读能力大幅度提高,在两项重要的国际性教育评价项目PIRLS和PISA中均有突出表现,充分显示了香港在青少年阅读研究与推广方面的实绩与成就。本文从香港特殊的历史文化背景出发,对香港儿童青少年阅读的研究与推广进行考察和分析。     

Do education and income affect support for democracy in Muslim countries? Evidence from the Pew Global Attitudes Project

Using micro-level public opinion data from the Pew Global Attitudes Project 2005, this study investigates the effect of educational attainment and income on support for democracy in five predominantly Muslim countries: Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, and Turkey. Holding all else constant and compared to not finishing primary education, this study finds that secondary education and higher education encourage support for democracy in Jordan, Lebanon and Pakistan. The results therefore suggest that support for democracy is a social benefit of education in Jordan, Lebanon, and Pakistan. Regarding income, the results indicate that relative to the poor, those belonging to middle-income groups are more supportive of democracy in Lebanon and Turkey. Curiously, there is no statistical relationship between belonging to the richest groups and supporting democracy.     

发展理念转变与安徽"十二五"规划的制定

制定＂十二五＂规划,要研究和反思＂十一五＂规划制定与实施的经验和教训,发展理念从速度型发展转向科学型发展。科学型发展的五年规划是以科学发展观这一当代中国最大的发展理念为指导制定的。转变发展理念,安徽制定＂十二五＂规划要与中央的发展理念相一致,才具有鲜明的时代精神。安徽五年规划的制定应准确把握安徽发展的阶段性特征,科学确定＂十二五＂发展的目标定位、战略取向和重点任务,凸显自身的创新性特色。     

Contractual governance and the choice of dispute-resolution mechanisms: Evidence on technology licensing

In fast-paced and knowledge-intensive environments, licensing partnerships can be powerful levers for market expansion. Research on the management of technology-oriented licenses has nonetheless pointed out the risks of corrosive disputes caused by conflicting interests or misunderstandings among licensing partners. The choice made ex ante on mechanisms for resolving potential disputes is of prime importance in the execution of licensing exchanges. Although the legal literature has widely emphasized the advantages of arbitration towards litigation, public ordering remains the “default” option in managers’ eyes. By adopting a transaction cost economics logic, our study explores the conditions under which licensing partners may prefer arbitration over public ordering during the contractual-design phase. In accordance with our theoretical arguments, findings show that the occurrence of arbitration provisions increases when the coordination orientation adopted by licensing partners is extensive. In situations where both monitoring and coordination orientations are simultaneously extensive, results reveal a greater propensity to prefer arbitration over public ordering. Our research therefore supports the view that corporate decision-makers tend to favor the conciliatory stance and compromising awards typically associated with arbitration, only when exchanges are expected to be highly coordinative. Their preference for arbitration over litigation is magnified when the coordination orientation develops alongside the monitoring orientation.