关于无零因子环的幂自同态

设R是一个环,映射f:R→R称为一个幂自同态,如果存在n>1使f:x→xn为R的一个环同态.本文将完全刻划出无零因子环的所有幂自同态.     

王坦之"敬修至德"的道德实践思想

王坦之在道德立论上,重视儒家"尊尊亲亲"的原则;在道德实践上,推重"陶铸群生"和"敬修至德",主张通过"各顺其方"和"玄同彼我"的方法来"训导以成天德".在形式上,他采取批判庄子反对玄学的形式,但在思想本质上,他又直接吸收了庄子的诸多思想,强调"体于自然",仿佛坐着道家玄同彼我和自然无为的两轮马车,而打着儒家亲亲、尊尊的道德旗帜,而这一特色显示的方向和魏晋其他思想家基本上是吻合的.     

从游戏视角看幼儿教育

游戏是幼儿最基本的活动,是一种特殊的社会性活动,对幼儿身心健康发展有着重要的作用。游戏是无功利性的,幼儿教师不仅自身要正确对待游戏教育,更要引导家长正确看待游戏,使"幼教小学化"不要借着"基本普及学前教育"这股东风愈演愈烈。幼儿教师应该意识到幼儿园课程的选择以及评价体系的"无目的性",以免给"应试教育"和"幼儿教育小学化"一个"繁衍"的温室。游戏的愉快性是游戏的本质所在,幼儿教师要真正地把游戏看作幼儿发展的活动,不要把游戏仅仅作为吸引孩子的"噱头"。     

无总题名文献的著录分析

阐述了无总题名文献的概念及其多种称谓，针对无总题名文献的特点分析了对其编目的难点所在，并具体对多种类型无总题名文献的编目提出了自己的详实意见。     

The Chinese character: handwriting between utility and identity in twentieth-century China

ABSTRACT

In China, unlike in many of the other cases treated in this special issue, it would seem that the standard style of writing by hand did not undergo any significant changes over the course of the twentieth century. Accordingly, the development of everyday Chinese handwriting has not been studied much. This article, however, shows that subtle yet significant changes occurred in both handwriting and the teaching of handwriting. Those changes were part and parcel of China’s twentieth-century quest for identity in a changing world. By analysing curricula and handwriting manuals from the 1900s to the 1980s, I demonstrate how, within a standard framework of “good” handwriting inherited from Imperial China, economic, societal, and nationalist considerations of the Republican, Maoist, and reform-era regimes caused the emphasis to shift back and forth between speed, down-to-earth pragmatism, and aesthetics – or, in other words, between utility and identity. Even within one given standard style of handwriting, therefore, seemingly minor shifts can tell us a lot about larger political and economic developments. To provide some background, I also briefly refer to the debates and measures regarding the abandonment or simplification of Chinese characters during the first half of the twentieth century.     

国际惯例在我国无单放货案件中的适用

在指示提单和空白提单运输中,承运人交付货物的方式上存在一定的国际惯例,但这些国际惯例规则在我国没有适用的路径。关于记名提单下承运人如何交付货物问题,目前并不存在国际惯例,各国之间的法律差异只能依靠国际私法规则,通过援引准据法加以解决。在我国无单放货的审判实践中,存在对国际惯例适用泛化、工具化的倾向。     

租赁合同的任意解除权探析

罗马法的契约必守原则在整个契约关系的发展进程中始终发挥着积极的指导作用。我国《合同法》第232条规定了不定期租赁合同可以随时解除。为实现该制度与契约必守原则的平衡,有必要对任意解除权的行使做出一定限制,为避免权利滥用,宜参照德国法,对该权利的行使附加一定的条件;关于解约人的提前通知义务,我国仅规定“合理期限”,而日本民法典采用经过申告一定期间后终止合同的模式,从而避免突袭非解约人的生活安宁状态,值得借鉴。最后,关于租赁合同解除中应遵循的诚实信用原则应明确强调“毋害他人”的标准。     

Keyboarding compared with handwriting on a high-stakes writing assessment: Student choice of composing medium, raters’ perceptions, and text quality

This article examines the influence of keyboarding versus handwriting in a high-stakes writing assessment. Conclusions are based on data collected from a pilot project to move Old Dominion University's Exit Exam of Writing Proficiency from a handwritten format into a dual-option format (i.e., the students may choose to handwrite or keyboard the exam). This test case is used to demonstrate the complex implications for a writing assessment tool when universities aim to accommodate students’ various methods of physically creating a text. Discussion includes speculation about the format of the writing component on the SAT. It is argued that by analyzing the differences in high-stakes exams when students keyboard and when they handwrite, researchers can better understand how the material conditions for composing influence students and raters. It is concluded that if handwriting and keyboarding represent even slightly different composing skills and cognitive processes, then high-stakes writing assessments should aim to accommodate students by providing methods of textual production with which students are most comfortable, even as this accommodation produces new challenges for the creators and managers of large-scale writing assessments.     

铁路ZPW—2000A无绝缘移频轨道电路若干问题的探讨

介绍铁路ZPW—2000A无绝缘移频轨道电路29m电气绝缘节的工作原理、主要频率参数、轨道电路主要设备组成及其工作原理。最后讨论该轨道电路尚未能解决的一些问题。     

“无徽不成镇”的经济学分析

“无徽不成镇”是对历史上徽商辉煌的形象诠释,创造这一辉煌的是徽商对儒家思想理念的践行和高超的经营艺术,它对城镇化快速发展的今天同样具有借鉴意义。