Simple heuristics in sports

How do people make decisions under conditions of limited knowledge, time, and cognitive capacity in real-life situations such as sports? In this review I will introduce the concept of simple heuristics – rules of thumb that are based on the building blocks of decision making: how to search for information, stop information search, and decide quickly and accurately – and how they can help us understand the decisions made by athletes, coaches, referees, managers, and fans in tasks involving high uncertainty, such as predicting tournament outcomes, allocating balls to teammates, or determining when to buy or sell a talented player. I will present an ‘adaptive toolbox’ of such heuristics, that is, a collection of strategies that work effectively in specific environments. Additional building blocks will be added to explain motor behavior itself, which is central to many sport applications. Finally, principles for studying the use of simple heuristics by people involved in sports will be presented to guide future applications.     

Sport participation: From policy,through facilities,to users’ health,well-being,and social capital

Sport delivery systems, aimed at facilitating sports participation, represent an inter-institutional, cross-sector collaboration. Researchers focusing on the impact of different levels of sport provision from policy, through facilities, to end users remains limited. The authors address this gap in knowledge through a mixed- methods approach to examine sport participation from the perspective of the whole delivery system. Specifically, focusing on a County Sport Partnership region in the UK, the authors examine sport participation from the policy (macro), facility (meso), and end user (micro) levels. Regional heads responsible for sport development and delivery participated in semi-structured interviews, facility-level managers completed a survey, and end-users across public, private, and outsourced facilities participated in focus groups. Results show a clear divergence between the sport policy goals across the private and public sectors, with significant differences observed between facility types on their social and commercial objectives and their prioritized stakeholder groups. The divergence has little impact on user participation or expression of health, wellbeing, and social capital, offering new evidence on the role of neoliberalism in sport delivery systems.     

晨练与学校体育教育

本文针对我国大学生健康状况和学校晨练工作存在薄弱性、艰巨性、长期性等状况特点，阐述了晨练在学校体育教育中的地位、作用。强调了在新形势下加强学校晨练管理对提高学生健康意识、水平的重要性和教师参与晨练活动的意义。     

运动决策训练对篮球运动员决策速度及准确性的影响

深入分析篮球运动的技战术特点,从运动训练学和运动心理学的研究思路出发,分析篮球运动员运动决策过程中的差异找出不同运动水平篮球运动员运动决策准确性和速度差异的本质,提出运动决策教学手段,进行四个月教学和训练,验证运动决策教学手段的有效性:运动决策教学手段对高水平组和中等水平组篮球运动员决策准确性和决策速度的提高作用显著;运动决策的准确性和速度可以作为高水平篮球运动员选拔的重要参考指标。     

体育游戏对高校体育保健学生心理健康问题的作用及运用研究

在高校体育教学中为了照顾部分体弱多病或残疾的学生,专门开设了体育保健课。在教学中,根据这部分学生的实际情况,选择一些简单易行的体育游戏穿插于保健课教学内容中,有效地预防和克服了保健学生在学习中产生的心理障碍,使学生能够愉快的接受体育教育,达到增强体质、增进健康的教学目的。     

高校综合素质测评体系中的体育因素分析

运用文献资料法和调查法对目前高校综合测评体系进行研究,并着重分析了与大学生健康状况相关的体育指标体系的现状,提出要充分发挥高校综合测评体系的导向功能和激励作用,解决日益严重的大学生健康问题,实现其全面健康发展。     

基于知识距离的不完备信息系统的决策规则提取

粗糙集理论是一种处理不精确、不确定和模糊知识的软计算工具,被广泛应用于知识发现领域.在实际问题中,信息不完备成为解决问题的障碍之一.该文通过基于知识距离提出的约简算法,针对不完备信息系统,提出了一种决策规则的提取方法,实例证明该方法求得的决策规则,较好的解决了数据不精确和缺省的问题.     

老年游客旅游决策影响因素之多元逐步回归分析

作者历时2个多月,在大量走访以及问卷调查的基础之上,着重研究分析了影响国内老年游客旅游消费行为的众多因素,并运用多元逐步回归分析方法研究了各因素对老年人旅游消费行为的影响程度。结论显示,影响老年人旅游行为的主要有13个因素,其中老年人的收入水平、旅游地景点的吸引力是影响老年人旅游行为——旅游次数、旅游停留时间和旅游日消费额的共同因素,而收入水平最为关键。