Should contentment be a key aim in higher education?

Higher education institutions are major concentrations of political, social, economic, intellectual and communicative resources. They reach freely across populations and cultures and connect to government, professions, industry and the arts. The neoliberal logic of markets has entered the realm of (higher) education. This leads to discourse on the benefits of education being positioned almost exclusively in terms of their effect on income. The perspective taken in the paper is the development of a happiness motive that asks education to challenge what it is to be a member of society: What moral and ontological stance one will seek to take in developing one’s future? The satisfied student perpetuates the current lifeworld in which they find themselves, seeking to improve the quality of the services provided. It is proposed that an overly emphasised desire satisfaction culture inhibits the edifying mission of universities. This is not to argue against high-quality service provision but to differentiate it from the edifying role of personal challenge, determination and social responsibility, conceptualised here as profound happiness or contentment, and the university’s role in its development. It calls for a different and more refreshing approach to higher education.     

“让大地成为大地”——论海德格尔的艺术拯救

海德格尔对艺术的思考出自他对存在和真理问题的关注,这种非同一般的分析视角和充分沉思使得他的艺术理论不仅深刻独到,而且还从存在论意义上与拯救技术明危机发生了深刻关联。海德格尔认为,技术本身乃至道德伦理皆不能使我们摆脱技术明种种危机,但艺术作品的本质特征“让大地成为大地”,在把事物带入敞开状态的同时,又使其保持纯然物特性,回复到自身,因而与技术从本体论意义上重新构造事物,把事物变成“持存物”绝然不同,艺术对事物具有保护的作用,可以制约技术对自然的过度开采和利用,在拯救大地和人类未来方面担当起一定重任。     

后现代语境中的费耶阿本德哲学

本期论坛主要讨论科学哲学学科建设的立足点、科学理论的进化结构、海德格尔的技术哲学思想以及费耶阿本德的后现代科学哲学。曹志平博士认为 ,科学哲学从哲学思潮到哲学学科 ,是一个树立范式 ,消解范式 ,进而寻找范式的过程 ;胡光博士认为 ,把科学理论视为一种进化结构为现代科学认识论提供了一个具体的发展模式 ;宋文新博士认为 ,海德格尔的技术批判的宗旨是克服形而上学 ,寻找哲学发现的新方向 ;王书明博士则将费耶阿本德的后现代科学哲学定性为有限理性论。     

Intentionality and Thinking as ‘Hearing’. A Response to Biesta’s Agenda

In his 2012 article Philosophy of Education for the Public Good: Five Challenges and an Agenda, Gert Biesta identifies five substantial issues about the future of education and the work required to address these issues. This article employs a Heideggerian reading of education to evaluate ‘Biesta’s truth’. I argue that Biesta’s point of view (a) underestimates knowledge’s predominance and relativism; (b) frames intentionality in pre-Heideggerian terms, which—although not a problem in itself because an individual is free to choose a particular perspective on the concept—raises the issue of consistency in Biesta’s theoretical framework; and (c) a final criticism concerns Biesta’s choice of tools for engaging with the identified challenges: The primary tools Biesta uses are intrinsic to the perspective he challenges. The use of a ‘first person perspective’ to frame pedagogy that focuses on the subject and ‘subjectification’ reaffirms the fundamental Western gesture that makes human beings subjects who ‘stand-over-and-against’ the world. I argue that it is possible to penetrate Plato’s ‘theoretical gaze’ and find a ‘weak’ alternative to an all-encompassing point of view of education through a Heideggerian approach that regards intentionality and thinking as ‘hearing’.     

海德格尔的＂解构＂思想初论

“解构”是海德格尔的现象学存在论的主要操作步骤之一。它的重要性在于：海德格尔试图以这种方法对西方存在论的历史进行剖析,真正提出“存在问题”,探究被形而上学所遮蔽的原初经验,对西方思想的命运进行追问。海德格尔早期所说的“解构”包含三条具有差异的进入哲学史的路径：作为解释学之途径的“人类学的解构”、作为基本存在论之任务的“存在论历史的解构”和作为存在论方法之环节的“现象学的解构”。对这三条路径进行了简略梳理,并指出了“解构”所具有的现象学存在论、解释学和哲学史批判这三条思想向度。     

浅析海德格尔技术观

海德格尔批判扬弃了现代技术是作为工具性和人类学规定的“流行观点”,他运用现象学的方法,深入到技术的本质层面,认为现代技术是世界的构造,即展现。海德格尔在追问技术问题时提出,技术给人的生存造成一种危险,但同时也呈现出一种拯救的力量。     

试析海德格尔思想转向的起源与实质

海德格尔思想转向的起源与实质是一个众说纷纭的问题。通过对《存在与时间》、《现象学之基本问题》和《哲学献文(从本有而来)》等著作的分析可知,海德格尔思想转向的实质不是从"存在与时间"转向"时间与存在",而是向"本有"的转向。     

海德格尔与中国文学的融合限度

在前期积极译介的基础上,深入融合海德格尔存在主义与中国文学,是新世纪中国文论面对的一项有意义的课题。海德格尔用存在之思深刻关涉面向可能性的人的生存境遇,这可以成为考察它与中国文学融合之径的起点。以释、道、儒为综合文化母体的中国文学,在前两个维度上与它有明显差异,但在作为主维度的儒文化维度上可以实现与它的扬弃性融合:"情本体"的文学对"存在的深渊"确能发挥积极填充与适度调节作用;但与依托两个世界格局、富于敬畏的存在主义相比,以一个世界为旨归的"情本体"容易在文学上流于静观的趣味主义与士大夫自恋气。在扬弃中探求融合,是新世纪中国文学真正关怀人的生存境遇、逐渐实现世界性品格的合理取径。     

Education: From telos to technique?

A preoccupation with technology has helped bury the philosophical question: What is the point of education? I attempt to answer this question. Various answers to the question are surveyed and it is shown that they depend upon different conceptions of the self. For example, the devotional‐self of the 12th century (which was about becoming master of the self) gave way to the liberal‐self (which was to facilitate social change). Education can only be satisfactorily justified, I argue, by appeal to transcendent values such as mastery of the self, which is incipient in liberal education.     

Aspects of a Practical Understanding: Heidegger at the workplace

This article aims to clarify some of our pre‐conceived assumptions when we address issues of learning in practice. It argues that we need to develop an understanding of practice based on its own premises. For this purpose the German philosopher Martin Heidegger's (1889–1976) understanding of practice and learning is introduced. Heidegger emphasises the use of equipment as crucial for a practical understanding. This perspective is contrasted with an intellectualistic approach to learning in practice exemplified by the work of Donald Schön. Heidegger and Schön's perspectives on learning in practice are evaluated and discussed throughout the article. Examples from studies of apprenticeship are used to illustrate Heidegger's comprehension of learning in practice. Especially learning through the use of tools and equipment, learning in context, learning as a consequence of making mistakes and learning as a matter of developing a sense of familiarity are types of learning emphasised in this article.