‘You see a baby die and you’re not fine:’ a case study of stress and coping strategies in volunteer emergency medical technicians

This study investigates the experiences of volunteer Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) with respect to stress and coping strategies they employ. Research has shown negative implications of work stress in high-reliability organizations, like paid Emergency Medical Services (EMS). While most first responders in the United States are volunteers, little research has examined how their work stress experiences may differ from their paid counterparts. Twenty-five EMTs working in volunteer fire departments participated in one-on-one interviews. Using an inductive approach, four stressors were identified: types of calls, extensive sense of duty, competency concerns, and knowing the patient. Theory of Conversationally Induced Reappraisals explains the effectiveness of the Formal, Informal, and Escape Coping Strategies identified by participants that mitigated stress. This study concludes with recommendations for volunteer EMS organizations: (a) financial assistance for Employee Assistance Programs, (b) social events that encourage communication and interaction; (c) recommended/sanctioned time off, and (d) a clear recruitment/retention plan.     

高水平运动员组织性应激影响因素的质性研究

为深入了解高水平运动员的组织性应激影响因素,从组织层面更好地关注运动队和运动员的健康可持续发展,降低组织性应激对高水平运动员操作成绩的影响,运用质性研究方法,通过对16名高水平运动员在训练比赛过程中出现的组织性应激反应进行深度访谈,使用内容分析软件QSR NViovo 11.0对采录的运动员谈话内容进行分析。结果显示：高水平运动员组织性应激影响因素可分为环境因素、个人因素、领导因素和团队因素等4类;其中领导因素（116）是运动员组织性应激的最大应激源,其次是团队因素（114）和环境因素（112）,个人因素（58）最小;在二级指标中,教练员因素（96）对运动员组织性应激影响最大,其次是团队氛围（50）和选拔机制（43）。因此,呼吁运动队管理者、教练员等重视组织层面给运动员带来的困惑和压力,建议运动心理工作者就运动队组织性应激问题进行深入研究,加大对运动员组织性应激的关注和调节,促进我国高水平运动队和运动员的健康发展。     

跑步再训练对髌股疼痛综合征跑者髌股关节压力的影响

跑步运动损伤的发生率很高,其中髌骨疼痛综合征是最常见的膝关节损伤疾病。通过改变跑步时跑者的落地模式和步频来修正异常的下肢生物力学目前受到越来越多学者的关注。研究目的为针对跑步再训练后跑者髌股关节应力的变化,综述跑步再训练后跑者髌股关节生物力学变化的研究和进展。目前研究已证实通过改变跑步落地模式和步频能够对髌股关节生物力学产生影响,但是针对患有髌骨疼痛综合征跑者的即刻效应的研究较少,且对于同时改变步频和落地模式的效果存在一定争议,未来需进一步探讨髌骨疼痛综合征跑者的跑步再训练效果。     

特殊教育教师的职业压力、应对方式及职业倦怠

采用自编的特殊教育教师职业压力、应对方式测查问卷和Maslach编制的教师职业倦怠问卷对284名特殊教育教师进行测查.结果表明,特殊教育教师的职业压力总均分女教师(2.78±0.44)显著大于男教师(2.52±0.62).特殊教育教师职业压力年龄差异显著,30-39岁年龄组职业压力(2.83±0.60)最为严重,29岁或以下年龄组(2.70土0.45)其次,40岁或以上年龄组(2.34±0.39)最小.特殊教育教师在遇到压力和困扰时采用最多的应对方式是解决问题(0.79±0.20),其次是转移注意(0.61±0.24)和求助(0.62±0.20).特殊教育教师的职业倦怠较为严重,重度以上低成就感、情绪衰竭、去个性化的特殊教育教师比例分别为12.8%、17.6%和9.9%.职业压力因子对特殊教育教师的职业倦怠均有显著的正向预测作用.解决问题、转移注意、合理化等应对方式对特殊教育教师的职业倦怠有负向预测作用.     

采血应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能的影响

在生产实践中,常常需要对种群基因进行测定,以鉴定品种的纯度,采血是必须的手段.采血对蛋鸭是一种应激.为了研究采血应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能的影响程度,石狮水禽保种中心设计了该实验.实验测定了金定鸭和莆田黑鸭采血前后各10d的产蛋量、蛋重和产蛋率,并用t-检验进行了差异性分析,发现采血应激对金定鸭和蒲田黑鸭的产蛋量和产蛋率影响差异显著,采血后产蛋量和产蛋率均下降（P〈0.05）;采血应激对莆田黑鸭的蛋重影响差异不显著,采血后蛋重减轻不明显（P〉0.05）,而对金定鸭的蛋重影响差异显著,采血后蛋重减轻（P〈0.05）.说明采血应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能存在明显的影响.     

On composite foundation with different vertical reinforcing elements under vertical loading: a physical model testing study

Aphysical model facility was designed, built, and setup for conducting model tests on a composite foundation in a soil ground. The model tests were carried out on a composite foundation with different combinations of vertical reinforcement elements in the same soil ground. Via the analysis of the collected data the characteristics of the composite foundation with different reinforcing elements were obtained, including the characteristics of load-settlement curves, column stresses, stresses of the intercolumn soil, pile-soil stress ratio, and load-sharing ratios of columns and soil. Results from the model tests reveal the mechanism of a composite foundation with different reinforcing elements quantitatively. It is concluded that both a composite foundation with a combination of steel pipe pile and sand column and that with a combination of concrete pile and lime column have a higher bearing capacity than the composite foundation with only sand columns with the same conditions of soil ground and loading. A composite foundation with lime column and sand column embodies no much better performance than that with sand colunms only.     

大型薄板件的铣削加工

大型薄板件最大的质量障碍是加工后的变形问题,采用试切法消除共振以及合理降温和多次时效的方法,可以有效地防止大型薄板件加工后的变形且产品质量稳定。     

岩体弹性模量沿地层埋深变化规律研究

利用国内外关于地应力的实测资料,通过数值方法探讨我国岩体的重要力学参数——弹性模量沿地层埋深的变化规律：10km埋深以上基本是线性增加的,在10km埋深附近会急剧减小.以丹江口地区为例,依据其表层地应力和岩体弹性模量的试验数据,利用我国岩体弹性模量沿地层埋深的变化规律,反演该区几种主要岩石在不同埋深处的弹性模量.     

A kinetic approach to evaluate salinity effects on carbon mineralization in a plant residue-amended soil

The interaction of salinity stress and plant residue quality on C mineralization kinetics in soil is not well understood. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effects of salinity stress on C mineralization kinetics in a soil amended with alfalfa, wheat and corn residues. A factorial combination of two salinity levels （0.97 and 18.2 dS/m） and four levels of plant residues （control, alfalfa, wheat and corn） with three replications was performed. A first order kinetic model was used to describe the C mineralization and to calculate the potentially mineralizable C. The CO2-C evolved under non-saline condition, ranged from 814.6 to 4842.4 mg CO2-C/kg in control and alfalfa residue-amended soils, respectively. Salinization reduced the rates of CO2 evolution by 18.7%, 6.2% and 5.2% in alfalfa, wheat and corn residue-amended soils, respectively. Potentially mineralizable C （Co） was reduced significantly in salinized alfalfa residue-treated soils whereas, no significant difference was observed for control treatments as well as wheat and corn residue-treated soils. We concluded that the response pattern of C mineralization to salinity stress depended on the plant residue quality and duration of incubation.     

Carvedilol protected diabetic rat hearts via reducing oxidative stress

INTRODUCTION Diabetes is the largest morbidity of patients with heart failure and adversely affects outcomes of car- diovascular diseases (Beller, 2001). Oxidative stress has been associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications including cardiomyopathy (Cai and Kang, 2003). The ability of antioxidants to inhibit these injuries has raised the possibility of newer therapeutic treatment for diabetic heart dis- eases. Recently, Bcl-2 gene has been focused because it was in…