Identification of the activity source of CO2 electroreduction by strategic catalytic site distribution in stable supramolecular structure system

Identification of the real catalytic site in CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is critical for the rational design of catalysts and the understanding of reactive mechanisms. In this study, the catalytic activity of pyridine-containing materials was for the first time structurally demonstrated in CO₂RR by crystalline supramolecular coordination compounds model system. The system consists of three stable supramolecular coordination compounds (Ni-TPYP, Ni-TPYP-1 and Ni-TPP) with different numbers (4, 2 and 0) of active pyridine groups (i.e. uncoordinated pyridine nitrogen atoms). The electrocatalytic test results show that with the decrease of the number of active pyridine groups, the CO₂RR performance is gradually reduced, mainly showing the reduction of highest FE_CO (99.8%, 83.7% and 25.6%, respectively). The crystallographic, experimental and theoretical evidences prove that the CO₂RR activity is more likely derived from uncoordinated pyridine nitrogen than the electrocatalytic inert metal nickel in porphyrin center. This work serves as an important case study for the identification of electrocatalytic activity of pyridine-containing materials in CO₂RR by simple supramolecular model system.     

基于J2EE和ArcIMS的公路信息发布系统设计与实现

立足于J2EE和ArcIMS的平台优势,设计了公路信息发布系统的总体架构,分别设计构建了公路地图发布子系统和非空间公路数据维护子系统,对探讨和推动Web GIS在公路行业中的应用具有一定的意义.     

As2O3对人体外宫颈癌细胞的影响

采用光镜及荧光显微镜观察、溴化二甲噻唑二苯四氮唑(MTT)还原法、流式细胞仪检测法检测As2O3对人HeLa细胞的影响.HeLa细胞经As2O3作用后,出现凋亡的形态学改变,细胞增殖受到浓度依赖性抑制,流式细胞仪检测结果显示细胞凋亡率呈浓度依赖性增高.As2O3具有诱导HeLa细胞发生凋亡的生物活性.     

OSPFv3和OSPFv2的差异分析

IPv6是为适应Internet的发展而在IPv4的基础上产生的新一代IP协议。当前支持IPv6的较为成熟的路由协议有RIPng和OSPFv3,其中,OSPFv3是当前应用最广泛的域内路由协议。文章通过对OSPFv3和OSPFv2的对比,分析了OSPFv2与OSPFv3之间的主要差异。     

基于p2p文件共享的数字版权管理模型

近年来随着p2p(peer-to-peer)文件共享软件的广泛使用,知识产权的保护问题日益突出,由于p2p文件共享软件允许对等点之间直接的文件交换,并且较少的依赖服务器的管理,版权保护越发困难。本文首先分析了p2p网络下知识产权保护面临的困难,以及目前数字版权管理系统DRM(DigitalRightsManagement)系统面临的挑战,提出了两种适用于p2p文件共享的数字版权管理方案,并分析和讨论了目前存在的问题,最后指出了进一步的研究方向。     

Extraterrestrial artificial photosynthetic materials for in-situ resource utilization

Aerospace milestones in human history, including returning to the moon and manned Martian missions, have been implemented in recent years. Space exploration has become one of the global common goals, and to ensure the survival and development of human beings in the extraterrestrial extreme environment has been becoming the basic ability and technology of manned space exploration. For the purpose of fulfilling the goal of extraterrestrial survival, researchers in Nanjing University and the China Academy of Space Technology proposed extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis (EAP) technology. By simulating the natural photosynthesis of green plants on the Earth, EAP converts CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in an in-situ, accelerated and controllable manner by using waste CO₂ in the confined space of spacecraft, or abundant CO₂ resources in extraterrestrial celestial environments, e.g. Mars. Thus, the material loading of manned spacecraft can be greatly reduced to support affordable and sustainable deep space exploration. In this paper, EAP technology is compared with existing methods of converting CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in the aerospace field, especially the Sabatier method and Bosch reduction method. The research progress of possible EAP materials for in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources are also discussed in depth. Finally, this review lists the challenges that the EAP process may encounter, which need to be focused on for future implementation and application. We expect to deepen the understanding of artificial photosynthetic materials and technologies, and aim to strongly support the development of manned spaceflight.     

Anatomical societies find new ways to come together in a post-Covid world

The world has been turned upside down by a global health emergency caused by the Covid-19. Given the high contagiousness of the virus and the need to contain its spread, social distancing rules, self-isolation policies, and geographical lockdowns have been enforced globally. Over the pandemic emergency the majority of the planned in-person meetings and congresses of national and international anatomical societies have been postponed or canceled. It is unclear what the future holds, but times of crisis often present possibilities for re-thinking old ways to achieve a more critical approach. It has become increasingly clear that traditional in-person congress formats of scientific societies need to be reevaluated. Over the past year and a half, two types of congressional modalities have been trialed to address the challenge of the pandemic as far as scientific meetings are concerned: the fully virtual congress, in which case the conference program is live streamed to all of the attendees, and the hybrid congress, in which case some of the attendees physically participate at the congress's venue while others interact via a virtual platform. The current study set out to investigate the technical difficulties, social challenges, costs and sustainability, logistics and management issues linked to holding various types of congresses in the post-Covid world. Anatomical societies throughout the world are actively striving to reshape their response to the current global emergency and to uncover new types of conference modalities in the effort to keep scientific exchange alive and flourishing in the post-Covid era.     

2CUL Slavic: The View So Far

In fall 2016, the Columbia-Cornell collaboration in the area of Slavic & East European resource coordination and sharing celebrated its sixth year. The author reviews particulars of the development, implementation, and function of this program as well as some of the challenges that face such cross-institutional efforts.     

Science Letters:Discovery of ultrahigh-T spinel-garnet granulite with pure CO_2 fluid inclusions from the Altay orogenic belt, NW China

We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO2 fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterized by an assemblage of garnet, orthopyroxene, spinel, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Symplectites of orthopyroxene and spinel, and orthopyroxene and cordierite indicate decompression under UHT conditions. Mineral chemistry shows that the or-thopyroxenes have high XMg and A12O3 contents (up to 9.23 wt%). Biotites are enriched in TiO2 and XMg and are stable under granulite facies conditions. The garnet and quartz from the rock carry monophase fluid inclusions which show peak melting temperatures of around -56.7℃, indicating a pure CO2 species being presented during the ultrahigh-T metamorphism in the Altay orogenic belt. The inclusions homogenize into a liquid phase at temperatures around 15.3-23.8℃ translating into CO2 densities of the order of 0.86-0.88 g/cm3. Based on prelim