实事求是优良学风及其经受的严峻考验——再谈中国马克思主义史学的思想遗产

正确地分析和总结新中国史学发展道路,关系到能否自觉地继承、发扬中国马克思主义史学的宝贵思想遗产,而且关系到认清当前史学的发展方向。有的研究者将建国后十七年的史学贬斥为"完全政治化"的史学,认为它毫无学术的独立性,这种看法与历史事实是大相径庭的。从总体看,"十七年"史学虽然经历过严重的曲折,但成绩是主要的。造成评价如此分歧的症结所在,是能否正确把握"十七年"中两种学风的对立及其斗争的实质。"十七年"中存在着两种对立的学风,一种是实事求是、坚持将唯物史观基本原理与中国历史实际相结合的优良学风,一种是教条主义的恶劣学风。"十七年"史学所取得的成就,恰恰是正直、严肃的学者大力发扬优良学风、坚决抵制教条主义恶劣学风而取得的。这是正确评价的关键,也是考察"十七年"史学的一个极其重要的方法论问题。如果离开了这一正确的原则,就会只看到教条化横行,甚至将错误不加分析地归罪于提倡唯物史观,从而怀疑唯物史观科学理论的指导作用。     

论求真——历史学存在之灵魂

求真是历史学的灵魂。历史学的本质在于探究,所探之“真”具体表现在史实考证和历史解释两个层面。求真是历史学区别于其它学科的本质特征,20世纪西方历史哲学的发展深刻反映了这一点。求真关乎历史学的存在与未来,它与史学的功用并不矛盾,而是可以相互融合,公众历史就是在这两方面进行的有效尝试。     

论胡三省的治史态度和人格精神

胡三省是宋末元初著名的爱国主义思想家、史学家。他具有坚韧执着的意志人格,求真求实的学术人格,以及讲求气节,忠于国家和民族的政治人格。     

论蜀汉在三国文化中的主体地位的确立（一）——以史学为中心的考察

古往今来,以蜀汉为主体的三国文化的影响无所不在。蜀汉主体地位得以确立的因素是多方面的,而历来史学界持续不辍之学术思潮的强势推动,实在是功不可没。     

论刘师培的新史学

刘师培没有创立系统的资产阶级新史学理论,但他却是最早应用新史学理论于写作实践并且成果丰富的早期新史学家之一。刘师培的新史学是以进化论为指导思想,为20世纪初年中国的资产阶级民主革命服务,有着鲜明的时代特色,对中国新史学的勃兴和宣传资产阶级民主革命起到了重要的推动作用。     

简论历史学的学科设置调整

现有的历史学的八个二级学科其畸轻畸重的问题明显。其中,纯粹的中国史有五个,加上其它二级学科中中国史的份额,总计占了六个。而纯粹的世界史只有一个,加上其它二级学科中所含世界史的份额总计也只有两个。但世界史研究的地区（陆地）面积是中国史所研究的地区面积的15倍,世界史研究的人口是中国史所研究的人口的四倍,世界史研究的海洋面积是中国史所研究的海洋面积的120倍。解决的办法是：设中国历史学、外国历史学、考古—博物馆学三个一级学科,这是最好的方案;或历史学下面只设四个二级学科：中国古代史、中国近现代史、世界史、考古博物馆学。     

A Mediterranean of Relations for the Medieval Maghrib: Historiography in Question

References to relations between states, regions, communities and cultures have been a staple of historical thinking on the Mediterranean from the nineteenth century to the present day. Weathering changing academic trends and fashions, this vision of the Mediterranean has shaped the development of relevant historiographies, defining assumptions and approaches to an unrecognised extent. Focusing on the trajectory of this “Mediterranean of relations” in the historiography of the medieval Maghrib, this paper outlines some of the effects of its prevalence on the evolution of the concept of Mediterranean and argues for the inclusion of these considerations in the ongoing discussions around the medieval Mediterranean.     

A History of Universalism: Conceptions of the Internationality of Science from the Enlightenment to the Cold War

That science is fundamentally universal has been proclaimed innumerable times. But the precise geographical meaning of this universality has changed historically. This article examines conceptions of scientific internationalism from the Enlightenment to the Cold War, and their varying relations to cosmopolitanism, nationalism, socialism, and ‘the West’. These views are confronted with recent tendencies to cast science as a uniquely European product.

Rhythmic history: Towards a new research agenda for the history of health and medicine

Rhythm characterizes life on Earth. Daily physiological rhythms of eating and fasting, sleeping and waking, moving and resting, are common to almost all life forms which evolved under the solar light–dark cycle. Despite their ubiquity, historians of health and medicine have yet to grapple with the lived experiences of these daily rhythms in the past. This paper presents a potential new research agenda in ‘rhythmic history’ that understands rhythmicity as something which lies between biology and culture. Thinking with rhythms offers exciting opportunities to unite previously disparate historical studies of daily rhythms like eating and sleeping and opens up a new way to view the enmeshed connections between body and environment. In this paper, I take inspiration from the scientific concept of the ‘zeitgeber’ (‘time giver’), coined by the German chronobiologist Jürgen Aschoff, to frame a review of current literature relating to rhythms and explore Henry Lefebvre’s notion of ‘rhythmanalysis’ as a methodological tool for historians undertaking ‘rhythmic histories’.     

古代彝族"诗骨论"——我国少数民族文学理论的一项创举

南北朝时期的彝族学者举奢哲与阿买妮,创建了彝族成体系的古代文艺理论,其中包括"诗骨论".在后来上千年的时间里,又有多位彝族学者,对"诗骨论"在继承的基础上进一步丰富与完善,使之成为彝族古代文艺理论与美学思想的重要组成部分,也成就了我国古代文艺理论中一个具有少数民族特色的内容.