The Role of Students’ Home Language in Science Achievement: A multilevel approach

The present study aimed to identify the role of both student- and school-level characteristics in primary school students’ achievement in the science curriculum. As societies become more culturally and linguistically diverse, many students enter the classroom with a home language that is different from the language of instruction used at school. This study takes into account both the home language and literacy in the language of instruction in relation to student achievement in science subjects. Questionnaires, reading performance tests, and science achievement tests were administered to 1,761 fourth-grade students from 67 schools across Flanders (Belgium). Multilevel hierarchical regression analyses show that the home language and literacy in the language of instruction play an important role in science achievement at the student level, next to gender and socioeconomic status. Students with a home language that is different from the language of instruction experience difficulties with science subjects. Moreover, the higher students’ performance on reading comprehension and self-assessed proficiency in the language of instruction, the higher their score on science achievement tests. At the school level, a school's teachability expectations are one of the key factors related to students’ science achievement. Limitations of this study and future directions for research are discussed.     

关于信息技术与教育关系的理论与实践分析

本文从理论和实践的角度对目前教育界的一个热点问题——信息技术对学校教育的影响进行了多方面分析和探讨。本文阐明,在信息科技发达时代,以计算机和通讯技术为中心的信息技术确实对人类社会的发展和进步产生了重要的影响和促进作用。但是,学校教育,作为一种以培养人和传递人类社会文化精髓的特殊机构,其改革和发展是由多种力量和因素共同决定的。虽然,科技是影响其改革的一个非常重要的动力之源,但并不能完全决定其未来之发展趋势。与此相反,若将信息技术作为一种与其它教学技术相同的教学工具,而非一种如有些学者所认为的能够带来革命性变革的工具,可能更能发挥出其所具有之优势。文中以计算机网络在大学教学过程中的应用为例,详细分析了其所具有的优势和缺点。进一步对网络教学技术在大学教学中应用的诸种影响因素也进行了综合分析。     

Home visitation programs: Critical Issues and Future Directions

As support for intervening early in the lives of vulnerable children has risen in the United States in recent years, so has interest in home-visitation programs. Home visitation is increasingly recognized for its potential to foster early child development and competent parenting, as well as to reduce risk for child abuse and neglect and other poor outcomes for vulnerable families.This paper provides a discussion of several aspects of home-visitation programs that warrant further development and evaluation, including the powerful role of context in determining program outcomes, as well as the impact of other factors, including service dosage, levels of family engagement, and characteristics of home visitors. The importance of more accurately understanding and measuring risk and engaging family members beyond the mother-child dyad is also discussed. Recommendations are made for making improvements in all of these areas, in order to strengthen home-visitation programs and produce better outcomes for the children and families they serve. Aspects of Nurse Family Partnership and Early Head Start, two widely replicated and rigorously evaluated programs, are highlighted to demonstrate how the issues discussed here are likely to affect service delivery and program outcomes. The multiple challenges inherent in replicating and evaluating home-visitation programs that are truly responsive to the needs of a wide array of families with young children are examined. This discussion concludes with a call to expand and improve methods for evaluating these programs, and to view home visitation as a component of a comprehensive system of child and family supports, rather than as a stand-alone model of intervention.     

特色办学模式下高校图书馆特色馆藏建设研究

文章提出高校图书馆要根据学校的办学特色、学校所在地的地域性特点与需求和图书馆自身特色确立特色馆藏,从采购特色专业文献、收集特色学科非正式文献、优选捐赠文献分析了特色馆藏建设的方法和途径,并从特色馆藏纸质资源建设及其数字化、合作化建设几个方面阐述了特色馆藏建设的内容。     

一种基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的智能家居系统设计

本文设计了一种基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的智能家居系统,采集各种关乎安全的环境因子,如温度、煤气、烟雾等,并通过红外探测技术对非法入侵进行检测,构建了完整的硬件数据采集平台。基于ZigBee协议组建无线通信网络,终端节点的CC2530单片机采集数据,并进行处理分析后将数据发送到远端基站,基站接收传感器节点发来的数据通过串口通信发送给上位机,上位机对数据进行解析和处理,实时显示刷新监测值,并准确对异常情况（入侵、火灾、煤气泄漏等）进行报警。本系统安全稳定,无须考虑布线,节能,灵活方便,而且具有一定的智能性和实时性,可以有效的提高家居安防水平。     

Worldwide regional variations in home advantage in association football

Abstract

Home advantage plays an important part in determining the result of a game of football. Its existence and magnitude is well documented in England, but its causes are still not completely understood. In this study, reliable estimates of home advantage are calculated for the domestic leagues of all countries of Europe and South America, as well as a selection of countries from other continents. The results of all games during the last six seasons are used for each of these 72 countries. In Europe, home advantage in the Balkan countries, especially Bosnia and Albania, is much higher than average. It is generally lower than average in northern Europe, from the Baltic republics, through Scandinavia to the British Isles. In South America, home advantage is high in the Andean countries and lower elsewhere, especially in Uruguay. Home advantage is not unusually high or low in any of the countries from other continents. A multiple regression model for the 51 European countries, which included variables for geographical location, crowd effects and travel, accounted for 76.7% of the variability in home advantage. The large geographical variations can be interpreted in terms of territoriality being a contributing factor to home advantage.     

基于ZigBee技术的智能家居网关设计

智能家居网关是智能家居系统的核心,文章提出了一种基于Zig Bee无线通信技术的智能家居网关设计方案,硬件采用三星S5PV210芯片为智能网关的核心处理器,软件使用嵌入式Linux操作系统以及轻量级Web服务器,家电内部网络的无线通信采用Zig Bee技术,用户使用智能移动终端通过智能网关实现对家中各种家用电器的远程控制和管理。     

Contribution of rural roads improvement on children’s school attendance: Evidence in Cambodia

This study used quantitative and qualitative data collected in rural Cambodia after road improvements to investigate whether children living along better-conditioned roads attend basic education school more. The quantitative analysis revealed that the road conditions did not influence children's attendance, while suggesting significant influences of school travel distance as well as household’s ownership of two-wheeled vehicles and its member composition. The qualitative analysis complemented these results by confirming that improved roads motivated households to purchase those vehicles for easing children’s schooling; and household members’ appreciation of education and socioeconomic characteristics influenced their children’s education attainment.     

家园情结中的悖离与冲突——试论刘基的怀乡诗

在各类文学样式中，诗歌是最富个人化和情感化的一种文学体裁。刘基一生有着丰富复杂的生活经历和独特的人生体验，这些必然在诗歌中得到鲜明的体现。从刘基怀乡诗入手，探讨刘基家园情结产生的根源以及乡思、乡愁和家园情结所反映的人类的自然本性与人类文明和文化的矛盾和冲突。     

《追月楼》与《家》人物塑造之不同性

虽然《家》与《追月楼》同是家族题材小说，但在对中心人物的选择及人物的命运安排上，却有很大差异。本文以横向比较的方式，分析两部作品对身份大体相同的主角们的不同处理方式，指出其差异的原因是由于两位作家批判重点的不同。