Overcrowded housing: One of a constellation of vulnerabilities for child sexual abuse

BackgroundEffective prevention of child abuse depends on an understanding of factors associated with the abuse. Increased risk of child sexual abuse has been associated with parental substance use and adverse socio-economic factors such as living in poverty and parental unemployment. This study investigated overcrowding as a potential socio-economic risk factor in child sexual abuse taking into account other socio-economic, child and parental factors.MethodThis study used de-identified linked data from health and child protection data collections for the cohort of children born in Western Australia from 1990 to 2009 (n = 524,478). Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for time to first sexual abuse allegation and first substantiated allegation, relative to the level of overcrowding and controlling for other risk factors.ResultsHigher levels of household overcrowding were associated with a 23%–46% increase in the risk of child sexual abuse allegations. Only the highest level of overcrowding was associated with a 40% increased risk of substantiated sexual abuse.ConclusionThe findings suggest that overcrowded living conditions are associated with an increased risk of sexual abuse for some children. This factor needs to be considered alongside other risk factors when assessing and improving child safety.     

以房养老的方案设计及其可行性分析

我国人口老龄化趋势日渐明显,人口抚养比例大幅攀升。如果仅仅依靠现行的养老保障制度和传统的家庭养老模式,将很难应对即将到来的老龄化危机。本文针对新型的养老方式——“以房养老”,对“住房反抵押贷款”方案进行研究,并依据此方案对投保人的年龄、预期存活寿命及健康状况和投保时房屋的价值及其折旧增值情况综合分析,建立投保人和保险公司收益的初等数学模型,并用平均余寿对该模型作可行性检验。最后结合10年后的老龄化程度对此方案的前景和可行性进行了论证。     

房价收入比研究现状及发展改进——基于上海房地产市场的经验分析

我国房价持续上涨,且上涨幅度超过收入增长幅度,房价收入比不断攀升,理论界和实务界围绕房价收入比是否过高对我国房地产市场是否存在泡沫展开了激烈"论战",但由于理论依据、研究方法和数据来源等不同,很难达成共识,我们有必要梳理国内房价收入比的研究现状,并对其进行发展改进,完善房价收入比的科学体系。本文首先从"论战"入手,回顾房价收入比的研究现状,并从存量金融资产、首付款、购房税费、住房按揭贷款、房价上涨率和收入增长率等角度对房价收入比进行发展改进,最后利用构建的理论框架对上海房地产市场进行经验分析,得出当前上海房价收入比明显偏高的结论,需要引起高度关注。     

城市健康视角中的公共住房政策研究——美国经验及其对我国的启示

与世界城市化潮流相伴随,城市的健康问题日渐突出.而住房问题是影响城市健康的一个十分重要的层面,居住健康成为研究城市住房问题的新视角.在介绍健康和健康城市的内涵与特征以及健康城市研究分析框架的基础上,简要回顾了关国公共住房政策的发展概况.随后从内城贫困和居住隔离两个层面分析了城市健康视角下的美国住房问题,并进行了相关思考.认为要充分认识住房问题的综合性及其与城市发展政策的协同作用;借助住房建设及其相关配套政策,参与带动社区复兴的重任;充分发挥公共政策在应对城市贫困问题上的综合调控作用.     

House Issues Should Be Drawn Attention

Chinese housing problem is serious, including price increases and vacant properties also rise. In the essay, government ought to take actions to regulate the scale and type of houses, and interest rate should be adjusted in accordance with various revenues.     

House Issues Should Be Drawn Attention

Chinese housing problem is serious, including price increases and vacant properties also rise. In the essay, government ought to take actions to regulate the scale and type of houses, and interest rate should be adjusted in accordance with various revenues.     

Adverse childhood experiences: Evidence for screening beyond preventive visits

Primary efforts to screen for adverse childhood experiences (ACE/ACEs) are often focused on the well child/adolescent visit. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between ACEs and youth likelihood of receiving preventive care. Data are from 126,868 students in the 8th, 9th, and 11th grades who participated in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, an anonymous, self-report questionnaire examining youth behaviors, experiences, and perceptions. Logistic regression models were used to determine if 10 types of ACEs, including abuse, household dysfunction, and food and housing insecurity were associated with receipt of recommended preventive medical and dental care after adjustment for demographic covariates and self-reported health. ACEs scores were entered into regression models to test for cumulative impact of adversities on preventive care outcomes. More than one third (38.5%) of youth identified at least one ACE, most commonly having a parent or guardian who had ever been in jail or prison. Each type of ACE was significantly associated with reduced odds of receiving preventive care in the last year. Associations with food insecurity were of greatest magnitude, associated with 0.32 [CI: 0.64–0.72] to 0.54 [CI: 0.44–0.49] decreased odds of receiving care. Each one point increase in the total ACE score was associated with 0.07 [CI: 0.92–0.94] to 0.15 [CI: 0.84–0.86] decreased odds of having had a preventive care visit in the last year. Findings add to the growing literature documenting significant relationships between ACEs and health, in this case, youth missing opportunities to receive recommended surveillance and anticipatory guidance.     

论低收入群体住宅权保障——基于行政法的视角

居民取得住宅权需要借助国家义务的履行才能得以实现,这是对住宅权保护的理解之一,笔者基于本理解对低收入群体住宅权的实现进行论述。解决好低收入群体基本生存的住宅权不仅有利于促进社会和谐,还能抑制房价飙升、拉动内需等。对此,笔者从行政法视角明确地提出国家对居民住宅权保障应承担相应义务和失范所带来的法定责任,以保障实现低收入群体住宅权。     

货币政策传导机制在房地产市场的有效性研究——基于选择性货币政策工具不动产信用控制政策

近年来,房地产市场迅速发展,为抑制房地产价格不正常的过快增长,中央政府采用了多种政策手段对房地产市场进行宏观调控。本文通过对针对房地产市场的选择性货币政策工具不动产信用控制政策的研究,对货币政策传导机制在房地产市场的有效性进行分析及评价,并对房地产市场的货币政策提出建议。     

基于住房总体供求视角的中国保障房来源结构优化

当前,我国保障房来源以新建为主,保障房来源渠道过于单一。从整个住房市场供求状况入手,分析部分商品房转化为保障房的必要性及可行途径,有利于我国保障房来源结构优化,在充分利用闲余商品房的同时,缓解了我国保障房建设资金压力。