《狂人日记》“吃人”意象的主题与实质

《狂人日记》中“吃人”意象是探析人物内心活动过程的一个观照点。本文通过作品精心创设的“传统,反传统”、“理性/非理性”、“看／被看”、“吃,被吃”的对立语境,探察“吃人”意象在文本“破”与“立”相互转换过程揭示作品主题的意义,以期为阅读及理解作品提供一些思路。     

指称人的动物隐喻的认知机制研究

基于＂大链条隐喻＂、跨域概念映射、认知突显观、相似性突显等理论和原则,本文具体讨论了指称人的动物隐喻的认知动因、工作机制和理解机制,为人类更好的认识自身提供了新的方法,具有重大的理论和现实意义。     

被淡忘的节日——人日

农历正月初七为“人日”,亦称“人胜节”。人日即人的生日。这在我国至少有两千多年的历史。人日在汉代有占卜吉凶等风俗,魏晋时又有登高习俗。由于人日有戴华胜祈福避灾的习俗,于是唐人将华胜称作“人胜”。而人日兼立春,唐人习俗剪双彩送亲友,更是别有一番情意。人日节当家的节日食品是“七菜羹”,它和除夕吃年夜饭、元宵节吃汤圆等一样,都是民间传统习俗。唐代是人日的鼎盛时代;明清时代以降,由于集权政治日益恶化,人日节逐渐淡出视野。     

Evaluation and comparison of 50 Hz current threshold of electrocutaneous sensations using different methods

Leakage currents, tiny currents flowing from an everyday-life appliance through the body to the ground, can cause a non-adequate perception （called electrocutaneous sensation, ECS） or even pain and should be avoided. Safety standards for low-frequency range are based on experimental results of current thresholds of electrocutaneous sensations, which however show a wide range between about 50 pA （rms） and 1000 μA （rms）. In order to be able to explain these differences, the perception threshold was measured repeatedly in experiments with test persons under identical experimental setup, but by means of different methods （measuring strategies）, namely： direct adjustment, classical threshold as amperage of 50% perception probability, and confidence rating procedure of signal detection theory. The current is injected using a I cm2 electrode at the highly touch sensitive part of the index fingertip. These investigations show for the first time that the threshold of electrocutaneous sensations is influenced both by adaptation to the non-adequate stimulus and individual, emotional factors. Theretbre, classical methods, on which the majority of the safety investigations are based, cannot be used to determine a leakage current threshold. The confidence rating procedure of the modem signal detection theory yields a value of 179.5 μA （rms） at 50 Hz power supply net frequency as the lower end of the 95% confidence range considering the variance in the investigated group. This value is expected to be free of adaptation influences, and is distinctly lower than the European limits and supports the stricter regulations of Canada and USA.     

Edaravone protects PC12 cells from ischemic-like injury via attenuating the damage to mitochondria

Background： Edaravone had been validated to effectively protect against ischemic injuries. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of edaravone by observing the effects on anti-apoptosis, regulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression and recovering from damage to mitochondria after OGD （oxygen-glucose deprivation）-reperfusion. Methods： Viability of PC 12 cells which were injured at different time of OGD injury, was quantified by measuring MTT （2-（4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） staining. In addition, PC 12 cells＇ viability was also quantified after their preincubation in different concentration of edaravone for 30 min followed by （OGD）. Furthermore, apoptotic population of PC 12 cells that reinsulted from OGD-reperfusion with or without preincubation with edaravone was determined by flow cytometer analysis, electron microscope and Hoechst/Pl staining. Finally, change of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results： （1） The viability of PC12 cells decreased with time （1-12 h） after OGD. We regarded the model of OGD 2 h, then replacing DMEM （Dulbecco＇s Modified Eagle＇s Medium） for another 24 h as an OGD-reperfusion in this research. Furthermore, most PC 12 cells were in the state of apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion. （2） The viability of PC 12 cells preincubated with edaravone at high concentrations （1, 0.1, 0.01 μmol/L） increased significantly with edaravone protecting PC 12 cells from apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion injury. （3） Furthermore, edaravone attenuates the damage of OGD-reperfusion on mitochondria and regulated Bcl-2/Bax protein imbalance expression after OGD-reperfusion. Conclusion： Neuroprotective effects of edaravone on ischemic or other brain injuries may be partly mediated through inhibition of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic pathways by recovering from the damage of mitochondria.     

Inhibitive effects of anti-oxidative vitamins on mannitol-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells

Objective： Study blood vessel injury and gene expression indicating vascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by mannitol with and without administration of anti-oxidative vitamins. Methods： Healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Mannitol was injected into the vein of the rabbit ear in each animal. Pre-treatment prior to mannitol injection was per- formed with normal saline （group B）, vitamin C （group C） and vitamin E （group D）. Blood vessel injury was assessed under electron and light microscopy. In a second experiment, cell culture specimen of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with mannitol. Pre-treatment was done with normal saline （sample B）, vitamin C （sample C） and vitamin E （sample D）. Total RNA was extracted with the original single step procedure, followed by hybridisation and analysis of gene expression. Results： In the animal experiment, serious blood vessel injury was seen in group A and group B. Group D showed light injury only, and normal tissue without pathological changes was seen in group C. Of all 330 apoptosis-related genes analysed in human cell culture specimen, no significant difference was seen after pre-treatment with normal saline, compared with the gene chip without pre-treatment. On the gene chip pre-treated with vitamin C, 45 apoptosis genes were down-regulated and 34 anti-apoptosis genes were up-regulated. Pre-treatment with vitamin E resulted in the down-regulation of 3 apoptosis genes. Conclusion： Vitamin C can protect vascular endothelial cells from mannitol-induced injury.     

Binding interactions of pefloxacin mesylate with bovine lactoferrin and human serum albumin

The binding of pefloxacin mesylate （PFLX） to bovine lactoferrin （BLf） and human serum albumin （HSA） in dilute aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence spectra and absorbance spectra. The binding constant K and the binding sites n were obtained by fluorescence quenching method. The binding distance r and energy-transfer efficiency E between pefloxacin mesylate and bovine lactoferrin as well as human serum albumin were also obtained according to the mechanism of Forster-type dipole-dipole nonradiative energy-transfer. The effects of pefloxacin mesylate on the conformations of bovine lactoferrin and human serum albumin were also analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

图书馆职业资格证书制度与图书馆学教育

论文从国外图书馆职业资格证书制度的经验出发，探讨了中国建立图书馆职业资格证书制度的必要性，并指出图书馆职业资格证书制度与图书馆学教育是一个互动关系。     

论图书馆整合

图书馆合并后的整合管理是合并双方战略性资源和能力的转移和运用,整合后所形成的独特资源、独特技能和独特知识,是提高图书馆战略性资产核心能力的重要保证。图书馆整合包括:生产制造管理系统的整合、图书馆文化整合、人力资源整合、组织管理与研究开发、信息营销5个方面。参考文献4。     

The Socialization of Emotion: Learning Emotion Management at the Fire Station

In a variety of fields, particularly human service occupations, the management of emotion is a precondition of employee and client well being. Based on qualitative data from participant observation and interviews, this study examines how firefighters are socialized to manage feelings and emotional displays. It concludes that firefighters recognized a need to manage their own emotions and those of their clients in order to deliver adequate service. Veteran firefighters facilitated the use of emotion labor techniques among newcomers by considering the emotion management knowledge and capabilities of job candidates during employee selection processes, providing habituated emotional events, and reinforcing customer service expectations. Newcomers actively participated in their own socialization to local emotion expectations through observational information seeking, retrospective surveillance, and performance of a normative newcomer role demeanor. The article concludes by offering practical and theoretical implications.