No harmless child labor: The effect of child labor on academic achievement in francophone Western and Central Africa

This study empirically examines the effect of child labor on academic achievement in 10 francophone Western and Central African countries. The data were taken from the Programme d’Analyse des Systèmes Educatifs de la CONFEMEN and comprised characteristics of 25,288 grade six students across 1803 schools. Two-stage least squares analysis highlights that child labor undermines academic achievement regardless of subject, gender, and age. It lowers reading and mathematics scores for both genders and for children under 12 and over 13 years. Child labor therefore hinders human capital accumulation in African countries, and it takes place at the cost of future prosperity.     

The Human Rights Approach to Education in International Organisations

In this article, the work of three international governmental organisations (IGOs) dealing with human rights will be discussed, namely the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)¹ and the Council of Europe (CoE). In the first section, the main characteristics of the three IGOs in terms of similarities and differences will be elaborated. Then, their human rights approach to education will be described, dealing with the legal foundations. In the final section, the different strategies of implementation based on both their official mission statements and their present strategy papers will be evaluated under the heading ‘competition vs. cooperation’.     

Coming to know about the body in Human Movement Studies programmes

This paper explores how a group of undergraduate Human Movement Studies (HMS) students learnt to know about the body during their four-year academic programme at an Australian university. When students begin an undergraduate programme in HMS they bring with them particular constructions, ideas and beliefs about their own bodies and about the body in general. Those ideas and beliefs are often challenged, disrupted or reinforced according to discourses and practices to which students are exposed and which they experience throughout their programme of study. The courses that these students take in their in HMS degree programme present to them different perspectives about health and the body. Some perspectives take the status of taken-for-granted truths and others are dismissed or ignored. Taking a Foucauldian perspective, this paper explores the dominant discourses and practices to which this group of students was exposed during their four years of academic formation, and the influences that this exposure might have upon their construction of the body and their formation as pre-service Health and Physical Education (HPE) teachers. The participants in this study were 14 students, 11 females and 3 males, aged between 18 and 26 at the time of the first interview. The data used for this paper were taken from a larger study and were analysed using a content analysis approach. Results suggest that some students may be heavily influenced by certain practices and discourses during their programme of studies, and that they embody dominant discourses of health. Furthermore, a possible change of thinking may occur across their academic programme, as a consequence of their engagement with a few alternative discourses presented during their academic programme, disrupting some of their previous beliefs and knowledge.     

温州与苏州制度变迁的比较研究--基于人力资本结构的实证分析

温州和苏州代表了两种不同区域经济发展模式，其不同的制度变迁很大程度上取决于它们所具有的不同的人力资本结构。中国改革初期，温州企业家人力资本富裕导致了诱致性制度变迁；而苏州由于企业家人力资本缺乏，选择了强制性制度变迁。     

"人类灵魂工程师"考辨

本文剖析了“人类灵魂工程师”这一教师隐喻的政治哲学渊源,探讨了在现代中国的政治文化情境中塑造一代新人的教育机制,指出中国社会兼具规训社会与榜样社会的双重特征,并分析其道德教育的不同策略,最后点明在现代性之后此论题的现实立意。     

论人力资源会计

文章从人力资源会计的确认、计量和报告入手,在一系列人力资源会计理论的基础上,结合实际操作中的问题,进一步完善计量方法及报告方式,使企业财务报表能更加真实地反映其人力资源成本和价值,为会计信息使用者提供相关、可靠的人力资源信息。     

School district size and student educational attainment: evidence from Denmark

This paper analyses the effects of the size of school districts on educational attainment of students after compulsory school in Denmark. Using administrative microdata for individual students and their parents, logit models for the probability of obtaining different levels of education are estimated where the explanatory variables include district size, per student expenditure, and a wide range of controls for family background and district socioeconomic characteristics. It is found that attending schools in districts with a population of less than 15,000 (corresponding to less than 1800 students in public primary and lower secondary schools) has negative effects on educational attainment later in life: The probability of completing a secondary education (upper secondary school or vocational education) or a further or higher education is reduced by approximately 3 percentage points compared to having attended primary and lower secondary school in a district with more than 15,000 inhabitants.     

文化与制度--保持竞争优势的人力资源管理

随着知识经济时代来临，企业竞争进入智力资本竞争时代，人力资源管理的职能也开始超越行政事务性管理而越来越具有战略性意义。人力资源管理须从文化建构和制度安排入手，通过营造适应当代管理思潮的企业文化，建设符合公司战略的制度体系，培养员工的献身精神和企业忠诚，从而将各种公司资源组成的能量场激发出来，确立企业的持续竞争优势。     

人文教育:历史课程文化的再造--透视高中历史课程标准

人文教育是普通高中历史教育的重要内容之一，历史教育是人文教育的主渠道。普通高中历史课程改革力图修正当前高中历史教学中人文教育的缺失，在课程性质、课程理念、课程目标及课程内容等方面，都强调了人文教育的重要性，力求找回历史教育失落的人文关怀。     

In vitro study on ribozyme against hepatitis C virus

Objective: To determine the effective nucleotide sites of ribozymes against HCV, and obtain a highly effective, nontoxic and inexpensive antisense ribozyme specific for HCV. Methods: Two effective ribozymes, targeted to HCV 5’NC region and C region, were designed and synthesized. Eukaryotic expression vectors, pSV2-gpt. CD-SR (, containing either HCRZNC or HCRZC were constructued and transfected into MT-2 cells, which had been infected by HCV. Quantitative PCR and hydridization were used to determine the effect of inhibition of HCV by ribozymes. Results: HCRZNC and HCRZC suppressed the replication of HCV by 54.7% and 62.1%, respectively. Furthermore, when both ribozymes were cotransfected into cells, they suppressed replication by 78.8%. Conclusion: Two specific antisense ribozymes have strong inhibitory effects on the replication of HCV in cultured cells, and have better effect when used together.