Differences in teachers' perceptions of personal control of positive versus negative student learning outcomes

Past research on teachers' causal attributions has shown there to be little relation between perceptions of responsibility for positive versus negative student learning outcomes. In this study, Weiner's model for causal attributions was employed to explore these perceived attributional differences. Data were gathered from 184 teachers from two metropolitan school districts. Statistically significant differences between attributions for positive versus negative outcomes were identified along the dimensions of both internality/externality and stability of cause. Relations to overall efficacy, teaching experience, grade level taught, and teacher gender were also explored; however, only grade level differences were found to be statistically significant.     

Crowdstorm: the future of innovation,ideas, and problem solving

This paper considers the scope for beneficial scientific co-operation and technology transfer among ASEAN countries, Australia and New Zealand in the light of differences in the development status of these countries, their proximity to one another, their resource endowments and other factors. Australian official science and technology aid in the ASEAN region (which of necessity involves some co-operation between the donor and aid recipients) is considered as well as recent initiatives of the Australian Department of Science to promote fully co-operative (‘non-aided’) R&;D in the region. Two examples of regional co-operation in R &; D are considered briefly, namely the development of a malaria vaccine and giant clam farming.     

Diffusion of R&D within the Australian Wine Industry

The Australian wine industry's popular image as a leader in R&D can indeed be substantiated. Its oenological and viticultural innovation and technical expertise have set new international benchmarks. The coordination of this R&D has ensured that the industry remains at the leading edge. However, the findings of this paper also substantiate concerns that this R&D is concentrated in what appears to be a South Australian R&D 'epicentre'. Regions and wine operators not connected to this epicentre can be disadvantaged. This paper examines the diffusion of R&D to regional operators and suggests mechanisms for improvement of the current structure.     

Revolution in Miniature. The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics Second Edition by Ernest Braun and Stuart Macdonald (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 1982) pp. viii + 247, $A15.50 (pb), ISBN: 0-521-24701-2 (hb), 0-521-28903-3 (pb)

This paper provides a review of Israel's science and technology policy and traces the growth and development of technology intensive industry in that country. Such policy has generally been neutral with regard to industry, technological field or class of product; concentrates on industrial R &; D directly performed in industrial firms; and is an integral part of overall national industrial policy — being centred in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Drawing upon case studies and other statistical evidence, the paper argues that such policy has been partly responsible for Israel's success in building up an indigenous, export-oriented, high technology sector.     

行业内和行业间R&D溢出成本消减效应——基于14227家企业数据实证研究

 从生产成本视角,利用中国制造业14,227家企业微观数据,考察了行业内和行业间R&D溢出效应。为避免已有研究因提前设定函数形式可能产生估计有误的不足,我们采用超越对数成本函数进行了较准确估计。研究发现,我国九个制造行业存在行业内和行业间R&D溢出成本消减效应,基于不同约束条件下分类样本估计结果表明,企业是否进行R&D投入和产权结构对R&D溢出弹性影响显著。     

建国初期黔东南地区解决三农问题的历史考察——以农业合作化运动为例

建国初期黔东南地区的土地改革只是初步地解决了三农问题,农村和农民并没有一劳永逸地摆脱贫困,农业生产的发展依然困难重重。为了快速发展农村经济,黔东南地区开展了农业合作化运动。合作化运动在推进三农问题解决的同时,也带来了一些负面效应。     

R参数编程在数控铣削外球面加工中的应用

R参数编程是西门子数控系统提供的一种先进的编程方法,本文通过对外球面零件数控铣削加工工艺的分析,以SINUMERIK 810D数控系统为例,分别编制了能用于实际的粗、精加工通用R参数程序,体现了R参数编程在数控加工中的强大作用.     

Detecting Misspecification in Mean Structures for Growth Curve Models: Performance of Pseudo R 2s and Concordance Correlation Coefficients

This study examined the performance of 4 correlation-based fit indexes (marginal and conditional pseudo R ²s; average and conditional concordance correlations) in detecting misspecification in mean structures in growth curve models. Their performance was also compared to that of 4 traditional SEM fit indexes. We found that the marginal pseudo R ² and average concordance correlation were able to detect misspecification in the marginal mean structure (average change trajectory). The conditional pseudo R ² and concordance correlation could detect misspecification when it occurred in the conditional mean structure (individual change trajectory) or in both mean structures. Compared to the SEM fit indexes, the correlation-based fit indexes were more robust to sample size but were less robust to data properties such as magnitude of population mean and measurement error. Theoretical and practical implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.     

中国高校研发效率的地区比较研究——基于DEA模型

在构建高校R&D效率评价指标体系的基础上,采用DEA模型对中国31个地区的高校R&D投入产出效率进行了实证研究。结果表明:中国58.1%的地区高校R&D效率非DEA有效,整体上中国高校R&D的规模收益未达到规模收益的最适阶段。建议政府根据本地区的实际情况增加、减少或重新配置R&D资源,以提升中国各地区高校提高R&D效率。     

R.H.托尼对英国工党政治的影响

R.H.托尼是英国工党史上一位颇为重要的人物,他对20世纪的英国工党政治产生了巨大影响:一方面,通过起草《人人接受中等教育》、《工党与国家》和《为了社会主义与和平》等重要政策,托尼对20世纪英国工党的发展作出了巨大贡献;另一方面,无论是对工党左派还是右派,无论是对老工党还是新工党,托尼的思想都具有持久的影响力,成为其政策制定的重要理论依据之一。