磷钨酸催化环己酮氧化合成己二酸

以质量分数为30%的H2O2为氧化剂,在没有任何有机溶剂或助催化剂存在的情况下,考察了磷钨酸催化环己酮氧化合成己二酸的活性.结果表明,磷钨酸在环己酮氧化合成己二酸的过程中显示了较高的催化活性.研究了催化剂用量、过氧化氢用量、温度、时间等因素对磷钨酸催化活性的影响.反应的适宜条件为：n（环己酮）：n（H3PW12O40）：n（H2O2）=150：0.5：587,反应温度为92 ℃, 反应时间为8 h, 己二酸的收率可达60.6%.     

中国大规模非并网风电与海水淡化制氢基地的链合布局

能源与淡水危机是中国乃至全世界在21世纪面临的一个严重问题。因地制宜地利用风能条件,在我国沿海地区推行海水淡化,并进行海水制氢产业延伸是我国解决能源与淡水问题的突破口。论文在对我国大规模非并网风电产业发展现状与应用前景分析的基础上,探讨了我国发展大规模非并网风电的产业基础与技术可行性,以及利用风能进行海水淡化制氢的经济可行性和技术可行性,提出“非并网风电-海水淡化制氢”产业链合模式;提出我国非并网风电-海水淡化制氢产业基地建设目标及相应的节能减排目标,即到2020年海水淡化制氢总规模达到600×10⁴t/天,可节约原煤464×10⁴t/天,减少排放二氧化碳876×10⁴t/天。进而形成国四大海水淡化制氢产业基地的建设格局,即东北地区以大连为核心的非并网风电-海水淡化制氢产业基地,华北地区以天津滨海新区与曹妃甸工业区为核心的非并网风电-海水淡化制氢产业基地,华东地区以长三角沿海为核心的非并网风电-海水淡化制氢产业基地,华南地区以湛江与深圳市为核心的非并网风电-海水淡化制氢产业基地。     

过氧化氢催化分解速率常数测定实验的改进

改进了过氧化氢催化分解实验的实验装置。     

过氧化铬法Cr~(3+)鉴定方法的研究

本文讨论了用过氧化铬法鉴定Cr3 + ,现象不稳定 ,易失败的原因。通过实验改进 ,使Cr3 + 鉴定实验的成功率达 10 0 %     

Occurrence of the Bunsen side reaction in the sulfur-iodine thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production

This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production. A series of experimental studies were performed to investigate the occurrence of side reactions in both the H₂SO₄ and HI _x phases from the H₂SO₄/HI/I₂/H₂O quaternary system within a constant temperature range of 323–363 K. The effects of iodine content, water content and reaction temperature on the side reactions were evaluated. The results showed that an increase in the reaction temperature promoted the side reactions. However, they were prevented as the iodine or water content increased. The occurrence of side reactions was faster in kinetics and more intense in the H₂SO₄ phase than in the HI _x phase. The sulfur or hydrogen sulfide formation reaction or the reverse Bunsen reaction was validated under certain conditions.     

Selective electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide at zigzag edges of exfoliated molybdenum telluride nanoflakes

The two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen represents an effective strategy to enable the green, mild and on-demand synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Its practical viability, however, hinges on the development of advanced electrocatalysts, preferably composed of non-precious elements, to selectively expedite this reaction, particularly in acidic medium. Our study here introduces 2H-MoTe₂ for the first time as the efficient non-precious-metal-based electrocatalyst for the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide in acids. We show that exfoliated 2H-MoTe₂ nanoflakes have high activity (onset overpotential ∼140 mV and large mass activity of 27 A g⁻¹ at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode), great selectivity (H₂O₂ percentage up to 93%) and decent stability in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. Theoretical simulations evidence that the high activity and selectivity of 2H-MoTe₂ arise from the proper binding energies of HOO^* and O^* at its zigzag edges that jointly favor the two-electron reduction instead of the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen.     

氯丙烯环氧化合成环氧氯丙烷

用合成的复合季铵磷钨酸盐为催化剂,35%双氧水溶液为氧源,催化氯丙烯合成环氧氯丙烷,并考察了反应条件对反应的影响。结果表明,加入适量的磷酸二氢铵能抑制环氧氯丙烷的水解,从而提高反应的选择性。反应的适宜条件为：氯丙烯为原料和反应溶剂,磷酸氢二铵用量（相对于总反应物的质量分数）0.04%,反应温度45~50℃,反应时间4h,n（氯丙烯）：n（H2O2）=5∶1,n（催化剂）：n（H2O2）=1∶100。H2O2的转化率为98.8%,环氧氯丙烷的选择性和收率分别为91.1%和85.7%。该催化剂的稳定性好,回收的催化剂性能接近新鲜催化剂。     

对商品双氧水中过氧化氢含量测定实验的改进

针对商品双氧水中过氧化氢含量的测定实验中存在的反应速率和稀释比的问题,进行两点改进,收到了较好的教学效果。     

Performance of biotrickling filters for hydrogen sulfide removal under starvation and shock loads conditions

In the industrial operation of biotrickling filters for hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) removal, shock loads or starvation was common due to process variations or equipment malfunctions. In this study, effects of starvation and shock loads on the performance of biotrickling filters for H₂S removal were investigated. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the changes of biomass and viable bacteria numbers in the biotrickling filters during a 24-d starvation. Compared to biomass, viable bacteria numbers decreased significantly during the starvation, especially when airflow was maintained in the absence of spray liquid. During the subsequent re-acclimation, all the bioreactors could resume high removal efficiencies within 4 d regardless of the previous starvation conditions. The results show that the re-acclimation time, in the case of biotrickling filters for H₂S removal, is mainly controlled by viable H₂S oxidizing bacteria numbers. On the other hand, the biotrickling filters can protect against shock loads in inlet fluctuating H₂S concentration after resuming normal operation. When the biotrickling filters were supplied with H₂S at an input of lower than 1700 mg/m³, their removal efficiencies were nearly 98% regardless of previous H₂S input. Project supported by the Foundation for Society Development of Jilin Province (No. 20080412-1), the Education Research Foundation for Science and Technology Development of Jilin Province, and the Foundation for Doctor Research in Northeast Dianli University of Jilin Province (No. BSJXM-200710), China     

拟康氏木霉胞外多糖的分离纯化及其对黄瓜幼苗活性氧的诱导

拟康氏木霉胞外粗多糖经纯化得两个单一组分TPeps-1和TPeps-2．用0．25mg／mLTPeps-2处理黄瓜幼苗,处理叶在第一天就产生活性氧爆发,of含量是对照的117．5％;第二天处理中SOD活性达到峰值,为对照的135．5％;用黄瓜灰霉病菌接种黄瓜幼苗也产生了较强的诱导效应,处理叶第一天O2^-含量是对照的139．7％,第二天SOD活性为对照的141．9％;而且两组试验中未处理的系统叶中也存在较弱的诱导反应．结果说明TPeps-2能模拟病原入侵激发黄瓜叶片活性氧代谢途径．