吡啶衍生物与均三苯甲酸的双组份超分子胶凝合成与性能

在4-氨基吡啶、4-吡啶甲胺分子上分别修饰丁二酸酐得到构筑超分子组装体的结构单元,选择均苯三甲酸作为配对小分子,成功合成了4-氨基吡啶、4-甲氨基吡啶与均苯三甲酸的双组份超分子水凝胶.最小胶凝浓度分别为23、35 mg/mL,在凝胶聚集体中,双组份凝胶剂聚集成带状或纤维状的聚集体,分子间氢键和π-π相互作用是形成自组装水凝胶的主要驱动力.     

Fuzzy-based risk prioritization for a hydrogen refueling facility in Malaysia

Hydrogen is starting to be mentioned as an alternative fuel to replace the fossil fuel in future transportation applica- tions due to its characteristics of zero greenhouse gas emission and high energy efficiency. Before hydrogen fuel and its facilities can be introduced to the public, relevant safety issues and its hazards must be assessed in order to avoid any chance of injury or loss. While a traditional risk assessment has difficulty in prioritizing the risk of failure modes, this paper proposes a new fuzzy-based risk evaluation technique which uses fuzzy value to prioritize the risk of various scenarios. In this study, the final risk of each failure modes was prioritized by using the MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box with a combination of two assessments. The first assessment was concerned with the criteria which affected the actual probability of occurrence. This assessment considered the availability of the standard that was applied to prevent the likelihood of the scenario occurring. On the other hand, the second assessment was focused on evaluating the consequence of the failure by taking into account the availability of detection and the complexity of the failure rather than only the severity of the scenarios. A total of 87 failure scenarios were identified using failure modes and effect analysis （FMEA） procedures on hydrogen refueling station models. Fuzzy-based assessments were performed through risk prioritizing various failure scenarios with a fuzzy value （0 to 1） and risk level （low, medium, and high） while a tra- ditional risk assessment approach presented the risks only in forms of level （low, medium, and/or high）. Availability of the fuzzy value enabled further prioritizing on the risk results that fell in the same level of risk. This study concluded that fuzzy-based risk evaluation is able to further prioritize the decisions when compared with a traditional risk assessment method.     

燃烧加热污染空气对超燃冲压发动机性能影响研究

针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H₂/O₂七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。      

原油脱硫化氢方法的改进和优化

原油中硫化氢的脱除具有及其重要的意义,本文采用了安全易行的载气法,利用氮气吹脱除去原油中的硫化氢气体,优化了工艺条件,找出载气的最佳流速为0.15～0.25L/min。与传统真空法相比,含硫化氢量较高的原油中硫化氢的脱除效率明显提高。在碘量法测定硫含量的实验中采取了多项措施以减小实验误差。     

环境温度对RE(NiCoMnAl)_5贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

对LaxCe0 .9-x(PrNd) 0 .1 (Ni3 .5 5 Co0 .75 Mn0 .4Al0 .3)合金 (x =0 .4～ 0 .9)在不同温度下( 2 98K～ 333K)的电化学性能进行了系统的研究 .结果表明 ,随着温度由 2 98K升高到 333K ,合金的活化性能得到改善 ;合金的最大放电容量增大 ,并在 313K时达到最大值 (平均提高了 2 2 .9mAh/g) ,而当温度提高到 3 33K时 ,各合金的最大放电容量又大幅度下降 (平均降低了 83 .9mAh/g) ;随着温度的升高 ,合金的高倍率放电性能得到改善 ,但合金的循环稳定性明显降低 (在 1C充放电电流下经2 2 0次充放电循环后的容量保持率平均降低了 4 0 %以上 ) .     

Personal Review： Sources of sulfide in waste streams and current biotechnologies for its removal

Sulfide-containing waste streams are generated by a number of industries. It is emitted into the environment as dis- solved sulfide (S2- and HS-) in wastewaters and as H2S in waste gases. Due to its corrosive nature, biological hydrogen sulfide removal processes are being investigated to overcome the chemical and disposal costs associated with existing chemically based removal processes. The nitrogen and sulfur metabolism interacts at various levels of the wastewater treatment process. Hence, the sulfur cycle offers possibilities to integrate nitrogen removal in the treatment process, which needs to be further optimized by appropriate design of the reactor configuration, optimization of performance parameters, retention of biomass and optimization of biomass growth. The present paper reviews the biotechnological advances to remove sulfides from various environments.     

甲基纤维素修饰电极对H2O2电催化还原的研究

用甲基纤维素(MC)将过氧化氢酶(Cat)固载于热裂解石墨电极表面,制备了Cat-MC膜修饰电极.甲基纤维素膜中的过氧化氢酶与电极直接传递电子.在pH6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中可得到一对可逆的过氧化氢酶辅基血红素Fe(III)/Fe(II)电对氧化还原峰,式电势为-0.331V(vsSCE).其式电势随溶液的pH值增加而负移且成线性关系,直线斜率为-38.0mV/pH,说明过氧化氢酶的电子传递过程伴随有质子的转移.并研究了过氧化氢酶修饰电极对H2O2的电催化性能.在H2O2一定浓度范围(15.6～110.1μmol/L)内,催化电流与H2O2浓度成线性关系.     

硫酸铜晶体的制备及其结晶水的测定实验绿色化改进

对教材中硫酸铜晶体的制备方法进行了分析与改进,以稀硫酸为介质、双氧水为氧化剂合成硫酸铜晶体并测定其结晶水,改进后具有产率高、功能多、毒害少等优点,完全符合实验教学改革的要求.     

Hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-based composite with PdCl2 additive

Mg-25 wt% Mg2Ni composite was prepared by sintered method,hydrided at 613 K and then ball-milled with 1.5 wt% PdCl2 additive for 51 h. The effects of PdCl2 on the hydriding and dehydriding behavior of Mg-25 wt% Mg2Ni composite were investigated. The absorption and desorption rate of the composite with PdCl2 is fast and the hydrogen storage capacity is more than that of the composite without PdCl2. The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reached 3.48 wt% at 373 K,and 5.05 wt% H at 453 K,respectively. The improvement of sorption and desorption kinetics is attributed to the catalytic effect of PdCl2,and the grain refining and lattice strain introduced by ball milling.     

葡萄贮藏过程中几个生理参数动态变化的研究

研究了葡萄在贮藏过程中的呼吸强度，过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化，结果证明：葡萄果实在贮藏期间呼吸强度和过氧化物酶的活性变化是同步的，而过氧化氢酶正好相反，据此可以认为这三者均可作为葡萄贮藏的重要生理参数。