Refining and regaining skills in fixation/diversification stage performers: the Five-A Model

Technical change is one of many factors underpinning success in elite, fixation/diversification stage performers. Surprisingly, however, there is a dearth of research pertaining to this process or the most efficacious methods used to bring about such a change. In this paper we highlight the emergent processes, yet also the lack in mechanistic comprehension surrounding technical change, addressing issues within the motor control, sport psychology, coaching and choking literature. More importantly, we seek an understanding of how these changes can be made more secure to competitive pressure, and how this can be embedded within the process of technical change. Following this review, we propose the Five-A Model based on successful coaching techniques, psychosocial concomitants, the avoidance of choking and principles of effective behaviour change. Specific mechanisms for each stage are discussed, with a focus on the use of holistic rhythm-based cues as a possible way of internalising changes. Finally, we suggest the need for further research to examine these five stages, to aid a more comprehensive construction of the content and delivery of such a programme within the applied setting.     

Protecting knowledge: How legal requirements to reveal information affect the importance of secrecy

Most firms use secrecy to protect their knowledge from potential imitators. However, the theoretical foundations for secrecy have not been well explored. We extend knowledge protection literature and propose theoretical mechanisms explaining how information visibility influences the importance of secrecy as a knowledge protection instrument. Building on mechanisms from information economics and signaling theory, we postulate that secrecy is more important for protecting knowledge for firms that have legal requirements to reveal information to shareholders. Furthermore, we argue that this effect is contingent on the location in a technological cluster, on a firm’s investment in fixed assets and on a firm’s past innovation performance. We test our hypotheses using a representative sample of 683 firms in Germany between 2005 and 2013. Our results support the moderation effect of a technological cluster and a firm’s investment in fixed assets. Our findings inform both academics and managers on how firms balance information disclosure requirements with the use of secrecy as a knowledge protection instrument.     

自拟降糖汤佐治糖尿病32例疗效观察

目的 :观察中药方剂 (自拟降糖汤 )对控制糖尿病病情的治疗效果 .方法 :6 3例糖尿病患者分成A、B两组 .A组在常规治疗基础上加用降糖汤 ,B组予以常规治疗 ,不加降糖汤 .结果 :A组治疗后空腹及餐后 2小时血糖均明显下降 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) .B组治疗前后空腹及餐后 2小时血糖无明显变化 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) .结论 :降糖汤对控制糖尿病患者血糖确有一定疗效     

有限理性与竞争情报

博弈论是竞争情报领域影响最大的理论,但它对情报工作的实际意义不大,原因是它的分析是基于“人是完全理性的”这一假设,而现实中的人不是完全理性的。本文尝试将西方行为经济学的“有限理性”的理论引入竞争情报领域。本文阐述了有限理性在收集信息、理解信息和（人们）日常行为中的表现,提出了利用该理论克服信息收集和分析中的缺陷,更有效地分析竞争对手和提供情报报告的方法。     

Commercialization of patents and external financing during the R&D phase

Using a unique database on Swedish patents owned by small firms and individuals, survival models estimate how different factors influence the decision to commercialize the patents. Such an analysis has seemingly never previously been undertaken. Since the owners know more about the patents than potential external financiers, problems related to asymmetrical information are present. To overcome these problems when inventors and small technology-based firms need financing, Sweden has for a long time relied on government support rather than private venture capital firms. The empirical results show that the larger is the share of patent-owners’ costs covered by government financial support during the R&D phase, the lower is the probability of patents being commercialized. This lower degree of commercialization is likely to depend on (1) the soft terms of the government loans, where the patent owner can avoid paying back the loan if the patent is never commercialized and/or (2) that the government is not able to select promising projects. The first explanation is related to moral hazard and the second one to adverse selection. The policy suggestion is for government to change the design of the loans, to base them on firms rather than projects.     

基于Pro／E软件的摆线泵的转子设计

在分析了低压、大流量摆线泵的结构和工作原理的基础上,介绍了应用Pro／E软件进行摆线泵转子设计的过程．     

The network of innovators in Jena: An application of social network analysis

We apply social network analysis methods to describe the evolution of the innovator network of Jena, Germany in the period from 1995 to 2001. We find this evolution to be directed towards an increasing focus on core competencies of the network. Further we analyse the network resulting from R&D cooperations and explain - by means of network regression techniques - that the job mobility of scientists and the technological overlap between the actors, rather than past cooperations, can best predict the resulting structure.     

On my honor: creating space for thinking and living Girl Scouts differently in (post)colonial Hawai‘i

Girl Scouts aims to foster leadership by encouraging girls to discover themselves, make connections, and take action to make the world better. This paper chronicles the five-year journey of eight professional mothers of color who sought to provide their daughters with a space to ‘think and live differently’ as Girl Scouts and young women of color in (post)colonial Hawai‘i. Through questionnaires and a semi-structured focus group interview, mothers reflect on their original intentions to create a ‘safe space’ for their daughters to engage with the politics of gender, race, and class and to rethink, review, and rework their identities. Mothers’ reflections reveal success in creating safe spaces for the critical analysis of gender, but comparatively less success in critical analyses of race and class – a phenomenon that the mothers suggest may have been complicated by (1) the enduring myth of Hawai‘i as a multicultural paradise, (2) Girl Scouts’ assimilationist history, and (3) the mothers’ own relatively privileged positions.     

GB／T 7714—2005中一些需要探讨的问题

通过对国家标准GBIT7714--2005的仔细阅读和深刻理解，对于实际应用中可能遇到的问题提出了相应的处理建议，就本标准中的一些需要探讨的问题给出了笔者的看法，供同行商讨。     

C语言中的自增/自减运算符

本文根据笔者多年的C语言编程经验,详细归纳了++/--运算符在解题过程中应注意的多个方面的事项,是对教材的一个非常有益的补充,可用于C语言教学的参考,也有助于初学者的自学。