新奥运周期女子跳马技术的探讨

加快掌握高难动作是女子跳马发展的趋向,掌握两个不同类型的10分起评动作,是优秀选手发展的重点。女子跳马技术的发展,仍将集中在"踺子后空翻"、"侧手翻"、"前手翻"和"踺子转体"四种类型的动作上,以"直体"完成不同类型的两种动作,是当今女子跳马动作选择的主要特征。"前手翻类"动作的发展潜力和"踺子后手翻类"动作的完成力度将加大,"踺子转体类"动作的完成将倾向"转体180°";而采用"笠松"侧手翻来尽快提高跳马动作完成难度的选手将会增多;确保动作质量及落地稳定是跳马比赛夺冠的关键。     

十堰旅游发展战略思考——基于鄂西生态文化旅游圈的分析框架

2008年10月,湖北省省委九届四次会议提出要着力构建鄂西生态文化旅游圈,这是省委、省政府提出的重大战略构想.根据鄂西生态文化旅游圈发展总体规划,十堰市将努力建设成为鄂西生态文化旅游圈的核心板块和重要支撑.为了实现这一宏伟的战略目标,在解读鄂西生态文化旅游圈发展战略与总体布局的基础之上,提出十堰市旅游业发展的战略方向和建设思路.     

Changes in performance and poling kinetics during cross-country sprint skiing competition using the double-poling technique

In this study, changes in skiing performance and poling kinetics during a simulated cross-country sprint skiing competition were investigated. Twelve elite male cross-country skiers performed simulated sprint competition (4 × 1,150 m heat with 20 min recovery between the heats) using the double-poling technique. Vertical and horizontal pole forces and cycle characteristics were measured using a force plate system (20-m long) during the starting spurt, racing speed, and finishing spurt of each heat. Moreover, heat and 20-m phase velocities were determined. Vertical and horizontal pole impulses as well as mean cycle length were calculated. The velocities of heats decreased by 2.7 ± 1.7% (p = 0.003) over the simulated competition. The 20-m spurting velocity decreased by 16 ± 5% (p < 0.002) and poling time increased by 18 ± 9% (p < 0.003) in spurt phases within heats. Vertical and horizontal poling impulses did not change significantly during the simulation; however, the mean forces decreased (p < 0.039) (vertical by 24 ± 11% and horizontal by 20 ± 10%) within heats but not between the heats. Decreased heat velocities over the simulated sprint and spurting velocities within heats indicated fatigue among the skiers. Fatigue was also manifested by decreased pole force production and increased poling time.     

The effects of skiing velocity on mechanical aspects of diagonal cross-country skiing

Cycle and force characteristics were examined in 11 elite male cross-country skiers using the diagonal stride technique while skiing uphill (7.5°) on snow at moderate (3.5 ± 0.3 m/s), high (4.5 ± 0.4 m/s), and maximal (5.6 ± 0.6 m/s) velocities. Video analysis (50 Hz) was combined with plantar (leg) force (100 Hz), pole force (1,500 Hz), and photocell measurements. Both cycle rate and cycle length increased from moderate to high velocity, while cycle rate increased and cycle length decreased at maximal compared to high velocity. The kick time decreased 26% from moderate to maximal velocity, reaching 0.14 s at maximal. The relative kick and gliding times were only altered at maximal velocity, where these were longer and shorter, respectively. The rate of force development increased with higher velocity. At maximal velocity, sprint-specialists were 14% faster than distance-specialists due to greater cycle rate, peak leg force, and rate of leg force development. In conclusion, large peak leg forces were applied rapidly across all velocities and the shorter relative gliding and longer relative kick phases at maximal velocity allow maintenance of kick duration for force generation. These results emphasise the importance of rapid leg force generation in diagonal skiing.     

政府创业投资引导基金的引导效应研究

以2000年至2011年间我国省际创投资本筹集数据为样本,使用联立方程模型检验了设立政府创业投资引导基金(简称政府引导基金)对社会资金进入创业投资领域的引导作用。研究发现,政府引导基金的引导效应在不同省份间存在明显差异:在创业投资发展成熟省份,设立政府引导基金会挤出社会资金;但在创业投资发展落后省份,设立政府引导基金对社会资金有一定的引导作用。这一结论支持"良性循环"假说,表明在决定是否设立政府引导基金时需充分考虑本地的创业投资发展状况。     

浅析全寿命周期费用管理对装备研制的指导作用

全寿命周期费用管理是对装备研制全过程进行整体运筹和科学决策的一种管理方法。国内外经验表明,应用其理论可以带来巨大的效益。在装备的整个寿命周期内开展全寿命周期费用管理,不但可以提高军费的使用效率,而且对提高装备的研制费效比也具有十分重要的意义。     

一类具功能反应的食饵-捕食系统的定性分析

研究一类具功能反应的食饵-捕食系统：x=xg（x）-yφ（x）,y=y（-d＋eφ（x））在g（x）=a-bxα2-cxα,φ（x）=kxα及23≤α〈1情形下,分析了该系统的平衡点性态,运用Dulac判别法和Poincare-Bendixson环域定理得出系统极限环不存在性及存在性的条件。     

Regaining focus in Irish Junior Cycle Science: potential new directions for curriculum and assessment on Nature of Science

The Irish national discourse on curriculum and assessment reform at the Junior Cycle level has been fraught with controversy in the past two years. The introduction of the new curriculum and assessment framework in 2012 by the then Minister of Education, Ruairi Quinn has led to significant media coverage and teacher union response. In this paper, we argue that in the midst of the reaction toward the particular assessment elements of the framework, the focus has been lost on key revisions made in the draft science curriculum and assessment specification released in September 2014. A central aspect of the draft document released for consultation includes the introduction of a ‘Nature of Science’ (NOS) theme intended to be an overarching feature of all science teaching and learning. We examine the coverage of NOS in the draft document and analyze it relative to a model of NOS developed in our recent book. Our analysis illustrates that the draft science curriculum and assessment specification for Junior Cycle incorporates contemporary research and aligns the Irish curriculum with most features of NOS, although some aspects need further development including the articulation of a nuanced model of NOS. We highlight some future directions for curriculum and assessment development for a comprehensive, coherent and holistic coverage of NOS in Junior Cycle Science in Ireland.     

开天明道 贯通四圣——论胡煦易学创新精神及其核心贡献

胡煦是清初易学大家,在易学领域有众多创见。胡煦易学的众多创见,以其根本创新精神为基础,而其创新精神,主要包括两点,第一,胡煦的大易学视野所体现的统贯精神,第二,胡煦的《循环太极图》所体现的统摄精神。依靠统贯精神,自然天道、河图洛书,与先天四图、《易经》卦爻、《易传》等四圣之《易》得以贯通,大易学视野得以展开;依靠此统摄精神,胡煦创《循环太极图》,以之明天道、配诸图、论《周易》,无不言之成理、论说圆融。据此两大创新精神,富于特色的胡煦易学理论体系得以建立。     

体验教学如何进行——基于体验学习圈的视角

依据美国学者大卫.库伯的体验学习圈理论,体验学习要经历具体体验、反思观察、抽象概括和主动检验的持续过程。其中,具体体验与抽象概括代表感知与领悟的理解向度,反思观察与主动检验代表内涵与外延的转换向度。由于体验学习圈阐释了体验学习的过程及内在机制,体验教学就应遵循学习圈的历程来设计与组织,这样才有助于达成有效学习。