Efficiency,technology and productivity change in Australian universities, 1998–2003

In this study, productivity growth in 35 Australian universities is investigated using non-parametric frontier techniques over the period 1998–2003. The five inputs included in the analysis are full-time equivalent academic and non-academic staff, non-labour expenditure and undergraduate and postgraduate student load while the six outputs are undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. completions, national competitive and industry grants and publications. Using Malmquist indices, productivity growth is decomposed into technical efficiency and technological change. The results indicate that annual productivity growth averaged 3.3% across all universities, with a range from −1.8% to 13.0%, and was largely attributable to technological progress. However, separate analyses of research-only and teaching-only productivity indicate that most of this gain was attributable to improvements in research-only productivity associated with pure technical and some scale efficiency improvements. While teaching-only productivity also contributed, the largest source of gain in that instance was technological progress offset by a slight fall in technical efficiency.     

Double your major,double your return?

We use the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates to provide the first estimates of the effect on earnings of having a double major. Overall, double majoring increases earnings by 2.3% relative to having a single major among college graduates without graduate degrees. Most of the gains from having a double major come from choosing fields across two different major categories. Graduates who combine an arts, humanities or social science major with a major in business, engineering, science or math have returns 7–50% higher than graduates with a single major in arts, humanities or social science. But such double major combinations have returns no higher than single majors in business, engineering, science or math. Majors combining business and science or math have returns more than 50% greater than the returns to having a single major in these fields.     

基于S7-200和触摸屏的电梯控制实验项目的分层设计

利用电气控制实验室的SIEMENS S7-200和触摸屏,结合电梯控制教学模型,设计了电梯控制实验项目。介绍了电梯控制电路的硬件结构,软件设计要求和人机界面的组态。将电梯控制实验应用于开放实验教学中时,面向不同的学生和不同的培养目标,设计了基础应用型、创新研究型和毕业设计型三个应用层次。面向不同的应用层次,在实验的设计上具有不同的侧重点和不同的实验要求,实现了多元化的分层培养模式。将现代工业控制对象应用于实验教学,不但提高了学生的动手能力和实践能力,更有利于培养学生的综合素质和创新思想。     

S7-200与WinCC软件在实验室水槽装置上的应用

提出基于西门子S7-200系列PLC和WinCC软件在水槽装置实验室构建计算机控制系统的思路,使水槽装置实验室改变了用研华采集板采集数据的传统试验模式。介绍水槽装置的运行原理,阐述了S7-200PLC和WinCC软件在水槽装置上设计计算机控制系统的过程。实验证明,西门子S7-200系列PLC和WinCC软件能很好地实现对水槽装置的控制,是学生学习并掌握PLC应用技术的良好平台。     

基于Nafion固定天青I和纳米CdS共修饰玻碳电极的H2O2生物传感器

利用滴涂于玻碳电极（GCE）表面的以Nnfion膜中负电性的磺酸基与天青I（AI）阳离子之间的静电作用,实现天青I在电极上的固定化,再通过静电吸附和自组装技术将纳米CdS吸附的辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）修饰到电极表面,制备出性能良好的H2O2生物传感器。采用循环伏安法（CV）和计时电流法考察了该传感器的电化学性质。实验表明,该传感器具有良好的生物催化活性,较高的灵敏度,良好的选择性和稳定性,且易于制作等特点。响应电流与H2O2浓度在8．0×10^-6～1．6×10^-3 moL／L范围呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2．72×10^-6 moL／L。     

Investigating the interaction and mutual dependence between science and technology

Literature on the economics of science and technology (S&T) suggests not only that technological innovation demands the expansion of the institutional borders between universities, research institutes, industrial companies and the financial system, but also that science leads as well as follows technology. Medical innovation in particular is very dependent on scientific research, which represents a source of information that impels the productive sector. The latter introduces a series of questions that motivate the researchers in their attempt to understand how the human body reacts to certain products and therapies. This paper analyses the pattern of S&T interaction for both the national system of innovation (NSI) and the health innovation system. The panel data and simultaneous equations models analyze the interaction between S&T. The theory about the existence of a mutual dependence between them has been confirmed, which means that science moves technology and technology also influences scientific development. The estimated models, which use data from scientific papers and patents as proxies of science and technology, represent just the tip of the iceberg called NSI, known as a multifaceted and complex institutional arrangement.     

A utility model for teaching load decisions in academic departments

The authors model the class size and teaching load decisions of academic departments in terms of a departmental utility function. Utility is postulated to be asymmetric around class size and teaching load norms, and variables for curricular structure, disciplinary domain, and institutional type are taken into account. Maximization of the utility function produces decision rules for the number of sections to be offered for each course, and hence the faculty's overall teaching load. A nonlinear estimator is developed for the decision rules' parameters and applied to data from four liberal arts colleges and two research universities. Results are consistent with theories about faculty discretionary time and with expectations about the effects of curricular structure on class size. The paper concludes with a discussion about the effects of enrollment uncertainty on faculty load decisions.     

伊丽莎白政府的外交政策与苏格兰问题的成功解决

本文论述了伊丽莎白政府1559—1560年在苏格兰问题上采取的循序渐进的干涉政策:适中的承诺,金钱和武器援助,公开武装干涉.在此基础上分析了英格兰取胜的根本原因:外交战略的调整;独立自主的外交政策;伊丽莎白女王与威廉·塞西尔相得益彰的合作.试图说明:苏格兰问题的解决使不列颠岛日益成为一个防御整体,在此基础上英格兰走出了一条全新的外交路线.     

新型数控I2C总线彩电特有故障检修的要点

目前市售的新型数控彩电都采用I^2C总线控制技术。使电视机的电路结构发生了较大的变化，从而新型数控彩电的故障现象、故障原因、故障处理方法都与传统彩电有很大的不同。本文主要从新型数控I^2C总线彩电的结构出发，结合本人的实践教学工作经验，介绍了检修新型数控I^2C总线彩电故障过程中对I^2C总线彩电特有故障处理时应注意的要点。     

沿海地区设计潮位计算方法探讨

采用P-Ⅲ型分布及极值Ⅰ型分布,研究了沿海地区设计潮位计算方法.阐述了资料的一致性检验的方法.结合坎门站潮位资料,对比了两种方法的计算效果.结果表明,两种方法对不同重现期设计值的估计结果相当,但P-Ⅲ型分布计算时参数的选取与习惯用法不符,因此,建议采用极值Ⅰ型分布进行设计潮位计算.