我国城乡基础设施协调发展文献研究

消除城乡二元经济社会结构,基础设施必不可少且作用重要.基础设施产品自身具有鲜明的特征,其供给在我国直接反映了城乡关系的发展及城市化的走势.分析城乡基础设施协调发展,尤其是农村基础设施的落后原因及解决办法,就能深入的解读我国城市化的进程.这也是目前理论界研究的一个主要方向.对城乡基础设施协调发展的研究做归纳总结,首先概括...     

构建现代化强国的十大新型基础设施

从历史发展的角度,分析了基础设施的内涵演进与体系构成;以基础设施的代际飞跃为衡量,探讨了知识社会、智能社会新型基础设施的内涵与特征;从形式与内容2个维度,提出新型基础设施体系包括科技与数字化基础设施、基础设施升级、基础设施数字化和国家安全与治理基础设施;基于八大"经济社会基础和战略体系",以及支撑科技创新和制度创新的两大基础体系,探讨了面向2050年现代化强国的十大新型基础设施体系构成与结构;立足当前,提出推进新型基础设施建设战略布局、投资计划、项目储备的政策建议。     

面向“十四五”谋篇布局统筹推进创新基础设施建设

随着新型基础设施在经济社会发展中的基础性、战略性作用日益突显,其内涵也从最初的5G、物联网等逐步拓展至包含信息、融合和创新3种类型的基础设施。创新基础设施是信息技术前沿发展和技术进步的支撑平台,也是新型基础设施形态得以持续演进、功能得以不断拓展的动力源;将创新基础设施纳入新型基础设施的范畴,体现了国家对科技创新的充分信任和殷切期待。厘清3类新型基础设施的内涵与关系,认清当前创新基础设施发展面临的问题和挑战,在“十四五”时期高效布局创新基础设施,对于统筹提升新型基础设施的供给质量和效率具有重要意义。     

德国国家文化遗产科研数据基础设施构建模式研究及启示

[目的/意义]构建文化遗产数字基础设施既是保护传承文化遗产的重要手段,又是开放科学环境下支撑新的研究范式的重要保障。[方法/过程]本研究以德国国家文化遗产科研数据基础设施建设项目NFDI4Culture为研究对象,从建设内容、核心问题、组织结构到运行机制进行了分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,NFDI4Culture项目以建设科研数据基础设施的方式进行文化遗产数字化,具有协同合作、标准统一,并且建立全数据生命周期生态系统的特点。本研究在结尾给予我国图书馆/信息机构进行相关工作给予建议。     

补贴政策下考虑充电设施建设水平的充电定价与策略研究

针对不同补贴政策下运营商的决策与不同充电设施建设水平下政策实施的策略问题,文章构建基准模式、投资补贴模式、运营补贴模式和复合补贴模式等四种政策情境,分析比较不同政策情境下运营商定价及补贴策略,结果表明：①充电价格随着运营补贴的强度提升而下降,电动汽车的市场渗透率提升,充电运营商收益增加;②政策性因素、市场性因素、成本性因素和时间性因素对价格、需求和收益具有直接和交叉影响。③当充电设施建设水平小于0.5时,运营补贴更能刺激新能源汽车的扩散。当充电设施建设水平大于0.5时,可适时退出补贴政策。     

加强开放数据基础设施建设，推动开放科学发展

为促进经济发展、社会进步与科技创新,必须大力推动开放科学,开放数据成为开放科学的重要组成。开放数据基础设施由物理实体和虚拟系统组成,是支撑开放数据和满足不同领域数据应用需求的基础,其发展是信息技术演进的客观过程。文章分析了开放数据基础设施的要素,阐明了开放数据基础设施对促进开放科学实施的意义和积极作用,分析了我国开放数据基础设施的现状,针对我国开放数据基础设施存在的不足与挑战提出了发展建议。     

Offering Adequate Pedagogical Progression via Mobile Equipments—— Experiment of a French Engineering School

Students may enter our 5-year engineering school in France at two levels ： first and third year. However, due to their quite different backgrounds （ this is especially true for third year students ）, we need to provide newcomers with a 6-week training period during which they follow classes in the fields where they particularly feel weak. Unfortunately, depending on the student＇s background, this is not always possible to bring him/her to the expected level. Another aspect one needs to mention is that these students may not have the same weaknesses in a given field. However, for economical reasons, those classes follow a uniform program as it is not feasible to provide a customized progression. In this paper we discuss how to redesign a mathematics course so as to offer tailored exercise sequencing. Groups of 20 students could then draw their exercises from an intranet database according to their previously completed work, try to solve it by themselves, request additional hints and even ask for some direct help from the teacher. Such a database is currently under development. If it turns out several students stumble against the same difficulty the teacher could show the whole class room how to solve it using the digital projector. This project goes one step further than our initial mobile education project （ 2003 - 2004 ）. Until recently, we had used the equipment in a unique direction, from the instructor toward the students. Here, in this new project we are focusing on the whole loop in order to offer a more adequate （personalized） pedagogical progression ： from the student to the teacher （when the tablet PCs are monitored by the teacher）, and back toward the students （when a direct help is provided by the teacher）.     

信息技术如何改变着教育

本文主要就信息和通讯技术(ICT)发展对教育的影响进行了一些反思,并尝试对远程教育在未来几年的发展方向作了一些探讨。     

Perceived benefits and barriers to the use of high-speed broadband in Ireland's second-level schools

As part of Ireland's National Digital Strategy, high-speed broadband is being rolled out to all second-level schools to support greater use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. This programme signals a move from slow and unreliable broadband connections for many schools to a guaranteed high-speed connection with technical support. Theoretically, this should allow for behaviours and pedagogies to adapt, incorporating ICT into education. Research shows that integrating ICT into teaching and learning is a gradual process for most teachers and is influenced by a complex mix of socio-technical factors. Our data set consists of survey data from teachers and principals from a sample of second-level schools. The survey collected factual and attitudinal variables including attitudes towards ICT integration, current availability of infrastructure and barriers to ICT use, before schools received high-speed broadband connectivity. We examine the factors influencing teachers’ attitudes to ICT and their perceived barriers in adopting new technologies in their day-to-day teaching. Analysis of this baseline period is essential in an iterative digital strategy, informing future strategies, targeting policy most effectively and achieving policy objectives. While attitudes towards the potential of high-speed broadband and use of ICT are consistently positive across sub groups of schools and teachers, perceived barriers to ICT usage differ.     

教育基础设施建设与城乡教育公平——从推进农村小学生阅读说起

我国小学图书建设资源的分配一直是城镇偏向的,这造成了农村小学的图书建设情况远远滞后于城镇,在这方面的教育不公平客观存在。由于对于很多农村小学生而言,利用本校图书资源可能是他们接触课外图书的唯一途径,因此农村小学图书建设相对落后就会造成明显的即期影响——使得农村小学生只能获得有限的机会来接触课外图书,无法进行大量的课外阅读。而且,农村小学图书建设相对落后,还可能会对农村小学生产生更为关键的长期或间接影响：降低了未来的阅读兴趣;影响了未来的智力发展;影响了未来的竞争能力。有鉴于此,大力加强农村教育基础设施建设,推进农村小学生阅读活动的良性展开,刻不容缓。