个别化教育计划的现实困境与发展趋势

个别化教育计划(IEP)经过30多年的发展,逐渐陷入了负担重、制定与实施难而收效却不确定的困境.IEP困境的形成原因是复杂的,既有IEP自身的因素,也有管理者、教师等执行者的因素.由于IEP的功能重要且没有其他形式可以替代,所以提高特殊教育质量依然需要IEP.为提高IEP的成效,建议调整与改革IEP的相关规定,减轻制定IEP的负担,转变管理者的评价取向,提高教师、家长等制定与实施IEP的水平.     

Effective Assistive Technology Consideration and Implications for Diverse Students

Often the consideration of assistive technology devices and services during the individualized education program (IEP) process is overlooked. Because the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) authorized this consideration, IEP team members must be keenly aware of the importance they hold in providing this valuable input. Thus, IEP team members require expertise in the processes that lead to quality decision-making concerning using assistive technology for the diversity of students with disabilities. This article discusses models and procedures for implementing a system to effectively evaluate whether a student with a disability will benefit from assistive technology services and/or equipment as well as considers the implications for families from diverse cultures.     

关于个别化教育计划几个问题的思考

个别化教育计划是特殊教育的基石。本文介绍了个别化教育计划的简单历史,论述了IEP和个别化教学之间的关系,分析了IEP在制定和实施过程中存在的问题和解决办法。     

Student perceptions of their IEP targets

The 2001 Code of Practice for Special Educational Needs ( DfES, 2001 ) explicitly states that students with IEPs should have an active role in the writing and implementing of them. A research project was conducted in which 19 Year 8 students in three schools were interviewed, with the findings cross‐referenced against an examination of their individual education plans (IEPs) and interviews with the SENCos. Very few students were able to communicate a clear understanding of IEPs. Students' stated targets mostly reflected mainstream target‐setting: very few stated targets matched with those in their IEPs. Consistent with these findings is literature which argues that meaningfully involving students in the IEP process takes considerable time and effort, which would appear to imply that the number of students with IEPs in any one school must be limited. Against this are pressures, particularly from OFSTED but also from examination boards, to have IEPs available as evidence that students' needs are being met. The article concludes by suggesting that SENCos look to limit the number of IEPs issued, alongside a robust defence of the school's special educational needs policy within the school evaluation form to ensure that students' needs are met and also are seen to be met.     

台湾个别化教育计划的发展历程与实施现状研究

IEP在台湾从引进到立法,从萌芽到发展已有三十年左右的历程,在理论研究和实务操作上积累了丰富的经验。论文通过梳理台湾IEP的发展历程、实施现状,深入探讨IEP在台湾特殊教育应用中的成功经验,为大陆地区科学应用和创新发展IEP提出如下建议：坚持个别化教育理念,推进IEP本土化;循序渐进,加强IEP实施的规范性;整合资源,以IEP为教学管理工具。     

The relationship between quality of the present level of academic achievement and functional performance statement and student learning

The present level of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) is an essential component of the individualised educational program (IEP) process because it identifies student strengths and areas for growth. However, there is minimal research that examines components of an IEP and student outcomes. The current study examined the relationship between PLAAFP quality and student achievement, and between training and ongoing professional development and quality of the PLAAFP. The data were obtained from 211 special education teachers in one state. Results suggested that ongoing professional development predicted the quality of the PLAAFP statement, accounted for a large amount of the variance (r² = 0.14) in the PLAAFP quality score, and was a stronger predictor than participating in a single training. Additionally, PLAAFP quality predicted winter achievement scores beyond the school district, fall achievement scores and teacher variables, and accounted for significant and moderate amount of unique variance for reading (r² = 0.05) and math (r² = 0.07). Implications for research and practice are included.     

提升区域随班就读质量的有效策略

基于区域随班就读质量的文献检索与现状调研,剖析全国随班就读高质量的宁波市海曙样本,比对其他典型性区域,去芜存菁,梳理并提炼出相关重要变量,从而归纳出提升区域随班就读质量的"三定"策略:引擎定向策略、范式定型策略与共赢定性策略。     

浊度/分光光度法与毛细管等电点聚焦法测定明胶等电点及其分布的比较研究（英文）

等电点是蛋白质最重要的物理化学性质之一。目前有多种测定等电点的方法。本文利用最简单的浊度/分光光度法和最先进的毛细管等电点聚焦法分别测定了河南牛皮明胶的等电点,对两种方法进行比较并论证了后一种方法的优势。     

Can Appreciative Inquiry increase positive interactions,student self‐advocacy and turn‐taking during IEP meetings?

This comparative research study in the context of action research documents the effects of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) on positive participant interactions, student turn‐taking and self‐advocacy interactions during IEP meetings that focused on student transition to post‐secondary outcomes. AI was implemented as a written protocol for conducting IEP meetings in one school unit (P) that had been developed from an AI training in a second school unit (E) which also used the protocol. A third unit (C) with neither training nor a protocol to use served as a comparison. 124 IEP meetings in these three units in New York State in the United States were observed and recorded in 10 second increments. Results indicated increases in percentages of positive interactions, student turn‐taking, and of student self‐advocacy in both the AI trained and protocol unit (E) and in the unit using the protocol alone (P) over the comparison unit (C) and over earlier pilot data (P (Pilot)). AI may be an effective consultative and educational process for encouraging some factors that lead to student success in transitioning to college, career, and life beyond graduation from school.