Software vulnerability due to practical drift

The proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into all aspects of life poses unique ethical challenges as our modern societies become increasingly dependent on the flawless operation of these technologies. As we increasingly entrust our privacy, our well-being and our lives to an ever greater number of computers we need to look more closely at the risks and ethical implications of these developments. By emphasising the vulnerability of software and the practice of professional software developers, we want to make clear the ethical aspects of producing potentially flawed software. This paper outlines some of the vulnerabilities associated with software systems and identifies a number of social and organisational factors affecting software developers and contributing to these vulnerabilities. Scott A. Snook’s theory of practical drift is used as the basis for our analysis. We show that this theory, originally developed to explain the failure of a military organisation, can be used to understand how professional software developers “drift away” from procedures and processes designed to ensure quality and prevent software vulnerability. Based on interviews with software developers in two Norwegian companies we identify two areas where social factors compel software developers to drift away from a global set of rules constituting software development processes and methods. Issues of pleasure and control and difference in mental models contribute to an uncoupling from established practices designed to guarantee the reliability of software and thus diminish its vulnerability.     

化学与社会教学模式改革与创新

化学与社会课程教学在工科院校自然学科教学中占有重要地位。本课程将化学与物理、生物多个学科都紧密相连。在与其他专业相结合的过程中,可以形成某个新的科研领域,因此对化学与社会课程的深入探究将是推动科学技术和社会发展的重要动力。基于化学与社会课程的重要性,高校一直以来都十分重视该课程教学工作的开展,并将其纳入到教学改革计划中。但受各方面因素的影响,使得目前高校化学与社会课程在教学过程中仍存在一定的不足,从而影响了课程作用的充分发挥。为此,文章对当前化学与社会教学中存在的问题进行了论述,进而提出策略,为化学与社会的教学发展提供更多参考。     

"三美"主张在徐志摩诗作中的超完美体现

以闻一多为代表的新月派诗人大都是“三美”主张的实践者,“三美”主张也成了新月派最突出的流派特征。过去我们一般都理所当然地重视主要倡导者闻一多对“三美”主张的实践。实际上,纵观贯穿新月派前后两个时期的徐志摩诗歌创作,不难发现,徐诗对“三美”主张的实践更加尽善尽美。徐志摩在音乐美、绘画美、建筑美三方面尤其是音乐美方面都体现出了超完美的特点。     

Economic Sectors as Discursive Resources for Civil Society Collaboration

This study explores the communication processes of civil society collaboration, with particular attention to the ways in which sectoral differences are managed communicatively and how sectoral differences among members are implicated in the processes of collaboration. Findings from a 10-month qualitative investigation of a civil society collaboration of social service providers indicate that sector differences are discursive resources that people draw upon to make sense of uncertainty and frame arguments. Findings also demonstrate how sector differences are managed communicatively through practices of recognition, resistance, translation, and mediation. This study builds on previous scholarship that conceptualizes civil society collaboration as a series of communicative processes and discursive practices (versus economic or structural characteristics), as well as research that advocates a processual approach to the study of organizational collaboration.     

论争、共识与创获——全国马克思主义文论学会第二十届年会综述

全国马克思主义论学会第20届年会就马克思主义论的继承与发展、马克思主义论与中国论建设、俄苏马克思主义与中国、西方马克思主义论及批判、马克思主义美学和马克思主义的当代意义等六方面的内容进行了有益的交流。其会学术氛围浓烈，与会代表都提出了具有创设性的论题，这些无疑为推动我国马克思主义论的发展提供了新的动力。     

转型期我国社会保障立法探析

我国目前正处于社会的转型期，经济模式的转变、社会的发展，我国的社会保障立法面临一系列挑战。面对困难，我国的社会保障立法应明确指导思想，以稳定社会为第一职责，从效率优先原则向公平优先原则转变，重点抓好养老保险、失业保险、和农村相关保险等重要的事稳定和发展的保险，完善制度设计，强化法律实施机制，将社会保障落到实处，在稳定社会、促进经济发展的同时向规范的制度建设迈进。     

浅析《红楼梦》对高校文学社团活动的八个启示

《红楼梦》以大观园中文学社团的盛衰经历为对象,通过精湛绝伦的叙述描写,典型地反映了清代文学社团活动的基本情况。河池学院的文学社团活动情况虽今不同昔,但在诸多方面却有共通的规律。     

共建和谐社区,实现人文奥运

北京奥运会提倡的“人文奥运”,是在本土实践并弘扬“奥林匹克精神”,是对奥林匹克人文精神的推崇。文章分析了“人文奥运”的内涵、目标与任务,结合党中央提出的构建和谐社会的目标,从提升市民素质、开展文化建设、建设卫生社区、搞好志愿者组织培训工作等4个方面提出了如何建设和谐社区的一些建议。     

中西社会结构变迁与对外政策取向的比较分析

要探寻中西对外政策的差异,需对双方的内部社会结构及演变过程进行比较。西欧和中国在历史上分别形成了按阶级对峙的市民社会和按阶层分立的市民社会,市民社会以其内部冲突促成扩张性对外政策,以其内部和谐促成保守性对外政策。在当代,市民社会发生的变化使西方国家的对外政策呈保守和扩张的双重取向,中国多阶层社会则依旧维持内部和谐状态及保守性对外政策取向。     

张圣君信仰与两宋福建民间造神运动

张圣君历史上真有其人,其生活于两宋之交,在唐宋福建民间造神运动中被民众神化.宋代张圣君信仰及其传说一方面文人化的气息非常浓厚,这与文本记载者的身份和社会地位有莫大的关系,但另一方面又不时透露出张圣君亦巫亦道亦佛的原初信仰特征,这亦与当时福建民间造神运动的方式与民众择神的尺度相一致.