变异系数的统计推断及其应用

变异系数是反映总体离散程度的重要指标。应用delta方法研究了样本变异系数的渐近分布,进一步构造了其置信区间及检验统计量,并用Monte Carlo方法给出了置信区间的模拟覆盖概率和检验的模拟功效,最后分析了一组实际考试成绩。     

基于绝对关联度的多属性决策问题研究

针对多属性决策问题,提出了一种新的不完备信息下的多属性决策方案。该方案假设属性值采用区间灰数形式来表达信息的不确定性和模糊性,针对属性值的经济属性进行数据预处理,然后将属性权重值进行集结得到方案集的决策矩阵,通过对灰色关联度分析方法进行拓展,提出了基于区间灰数的绝对关联分析,计算各方案与最优方案的绝对关联度,并以此对方案进行排序并择优,通过实例说明了所提方案的可行性。     

区间-粒子群算法求解非线性方程组

将粒子群算法的群体搜索优点和区间算法的区间分析相结合,提出了一种求解非线性方程组的区间-粒子群算法.在迭代过程中,先用粒子群算法的全局收敛性和群体搜索能力得到近似解,再用区间算法的精确搜索能力快速得到高精度的解.数值实验表明：该算法能在较大范围的初始区间内快速可靠的迭代得到高精度的解,是求解非线性方程组的一种有效的算法.     

Establishing a practical treadmill sprint as an alternative to the Wingate anaerobic test

This study examined the validity and reliability of a 30-second running sprint test using two non-motorized treadmills compared to the established Wingate Anaerobic Test. Twenty-four participants completed three sessions in a randomized order on a: (1) manual mode treadmill (Woodway); (2) specialized interval training treadmill (HiTrainer); and (3) Wingate cycle ergometer. In a subset of 15 participants, 2 additional sessions were completed on both treadmills to establish the test–retest reliability. Peak (Woodway: r = .68; HiTrainer: r = .58; p < .003), average (Woodway: r = .82; HiTrainer: r = .72, p < .001), and minimum (Woodway: r = .64; HiTrainer: r = .42, p < .043) speed indices were moderately to very strongly correlated with corresponding Wingate Anaerobic Test outputs and had excellent test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficients > .75). Fatigue index during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (51.20 ± 7.14%) was moderately correlated with the Woodway (32.9 ± 10.9%, r = .55, p = .005) only. This 30-second running sprint test may be a valid and reliable mode-specific alternative to the Wingate Anaerobic Test.     

Using an R shiny to enhance the learning experience of confidence intervals

Many students find understanding confidence intervals difficult, especially because of the amalgamation of concepts such as confidence levels, standard error, point estimates and sample sizes. An R Shiny application was created to assist the learning process of confidence intervals using graphics and data from the US National Basketball Association.     

Food intake and appetite following school-based high-intensity interval training in 9–11-year-old children

Using a randomised cross-over design, free-living lunch intake and subjective appetite were examined in 10 children (9.8 ± 0.6 years) following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus a control sedentary (SED) period, within a school setting. The 22-min HIIT took place during a regular PE lesson and consisted of two rounds of 4 × 30 s sprints. Foods were offered at a regular school lunch immediately following HIIT and SED and were matched between conditions. All food was covertly weighed before and after the meal. Hunger, fullness and prospective consumption were reported immediately before and after HIIT/SED, using visual analogue scales. Heart rate was higher during HIIT than SED (159.3 ± 23.1 vs. 76.9 ± 2.2 bpm, P < 0.05). Lunch energy intake was not different (P = 0.52) following HIIT, compared to SED (2.06 ± 0.35 vs. 2.09 ± 0.29 MJ, respectively). There were no significant differences in macronutrient intake or subjective appetite (P > 0.05). Results suggest that HIIT can be implemented in a PE lesson immediately before lunch, without causing a compensatory increase in food consumption.     

实现耐力性竞速项目突破的关键问题

耐力及其速度耐力涉及的运动项目众多,而我国普遍落后,其根源在于对认识项目本质、确立训练指导思想和选择训练方法上还多有差距。本文较系统地提出了耐力性竞速项目,如中长跑项目,从深刻认识运动项目本质,重点发展主导及其核心竞技能力和选择间歇训练方法的途径为着力点,以期能对教练员和科研人员以启发与借鉴,推动这类项目的发展与突破。     

快速力量训练负荷的确定

确定适宜的训练负荷是力量训练的核心,力量训练中负荷所涉及的任何一个变量发生变化都会影响力量训练的效果。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,重点探讨快速力量训练中负荷强度的范围,并以举重、乒乓球项目为例,分析不同项目快速力量训练负荷强度特征。并对最大功率法负荷强度的确定、快速力量训练中的动作速度、练习的重复次数和组数、组间间歇等变量进行分析和评述,旨在丰富快速力量训练理论,为训练实践提供理论参考。     

Short-term exercise training reduces glycaemic variability and lowers circulating endothelial microparticles in overweight and obese women at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Exercise is recognized as a frontline therapy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the optimal type of exercise is not yet determined. We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvement of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived markers of glycaemic variability, and biomarkers of endothelial cell damage (CD31+ and CD62+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs)) within a population at elevated risk of developing T2D. Fifteen inactive overweight or obese women were randomized to 2 weeks (10-sessions) of progressive HIIT (n?=?8, 4–10X 1-min @ ～90% peak heart rate, 1-min rest periods) or MICT (n?=?7, 20–50?min of continuous activity at ～65% peak heart rate). Prior and three days post-training, fasting blood samples were collected. Both HIIT and MICT improved glycaemic variability as measured by CGM standard deviation (HIIT: 0.82?±?0.39 vs. 0.72?±?0.33?mmol/L; MICT: 0.82?±?0.19 vs. 0.62?±?0.16?mmol/L, pre vs. post) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE; HIIT: 1.98?±?0.81 vs. 1.41?±?0.90; MICT; 1.98?±?0.43 vs. 1.65?±?0.48, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. CD62+ EMPs were lower following HIIT (187.7?±?65 vs. 174.9?±?55, pre vs. post) and MICT (170?±?60 vs. 160.3?±?59, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. There was no change in 24-h mean glucose or CD31+ EMPs. Two weeks of both HIIT or MICT similarly decreased glycaemic variability and CD62+ EMPs in overweight/obese women at elevated risk of T2D.     

S_H型区间值模糊子群(英文)

本文在群上定义的区间值模糊集空间上,引入由T—余范数诱导的幂等区间余范数S_H,定义了S_H型区间值模糊子群,同时,讨论并研究了它的一些基本性质和结构特征,进而,给出了它的同态象和逆象定理。