Immune disorders and dyslexia

The Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda hypothesis of cerebral lateralization postulates an association between immune disorders and learning disabilities. So far, the empirical evidence for such a relationship has been ambiguous. The present study is an attempt to investigate the hypothesis in a population where all the individuals were affected by immune disorders. Thus, 29 students in a special school for asthmatic children (total number of students in the school: 32) were investigated. A number of reading tests with special focus on word decoding were administered. The parents filled in a detailed questionnaire on the prevalence of reading difficulties and immune disorders among the other family members. The proportion of students with reading problems — especially phonological problems — was much higher than would be expected in a normal population. Among the family members we also found an elevated incidence of both reading problems and immune disorders. A cautious interpreptation of these findings leads to tentative and partial support of the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda hypothesis.     

Application of a recombinant replicase to localize the Trionyx sinensis hemorrhagic syndrome virus and evaluate its effects on antiviral genes of T. sinensis

Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus(TSHSV) is an arterivirus newly discovered in Chinese softshell turtles. Little is known about the effect of antibodies against the virus or the distribution of the virus in different organs of infected turtles. In this study, a partial protein of TSHSV-HP4 was produced using a prokaryotic expression system, and its polyclonal antibody was generated. The polyclonal antibody was confirmed by western blot and dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(dot-ELISA). The distribution of TSHSV in different organs of T. sinensis was examined by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and the expression of immune-related genes was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). The results indicated that the recombinant TSHSV-HP4 protein was successfully expressed, and the generated polyclonal antibody showed specific binding to viral particles in the lung tissues of infected turtles. The IHC assay indicated that the virus was highly localized in various cells, including intestinal lymphocytes,enterocytes, kidney epithelial cells, spleen cells, lung macrophages, and cardiomyocytes. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TSHSV was detected in all organs tested, including the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart. The numbers of viral mRNA copies in lung and heart tissues were significantly higher in the virus-antibody group than in the virus group. The interferonstimulated genes(ISGs), myxovirus resistance protein 2(MX2) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2(RSAD2) were highly upregulated in all groups of infected turtles. Antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) seemed to occur after stimulation by the polyclonal antibody, because significantly greater expression of the two genes was detected in the virus-antibody group than in the virus group. Overall, these results are important in understanding the cell localization of TSHSV and the immune response of infected turtles.     

几丁质对肿瘤及免疫作用的实验研究

采用微晶几丁质，观察其对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用及对免疫功能和细胞毒性的影响。结果显示：经灌胃途径给予剂量为４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的几丁质制剂，具有延缓小鼠腹水瘤生和作用；对小鼠实体瘤Ｓ１８０生长具有抑制作用，其抑瘤率达３３％。研究还表明，几丁质对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能具有明显的促进作用；对人二倍体２ＢＳ细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤ＳＰ２／０细胞地直接     

爱拔益加肉鸡红细胞免疫吸附性能的研究

应用红细胞C3b受体花环(C3b Receptor Rosette,C3bRR)和复合物花环(Immune Complex Rosette,ICR)试验证实爱拔益加肉鸡红细胞表面存在补体C3b受体(C3bR),表明红细胞免疫系统RCIS(Red Cell Immune System)的概念适用于这种动物.文中对红细胞C3bRR和ICR分别代表红细胞表面C3bR"空位"和"占位"状态的含义作出了解释.     

El uso de sustantivos en imágenes para el progreso de la lectura y el vocabulario

El papel de las imágenes como soportes conceptuales se ha ido facilitando en el último siglo gracias a la normalización de un repertorio de imágenes inteligibles para la mayoría de los conceptos más habituales. En este artículo se propone la utilización de esos repertorios de imágenes para enseñar vocabulario oral, lectura y escritura y habilidades de representación a niños con discapacidad o a alumnos de distinta lengua.     

Influencia del conocimiento matemático y situacional en la resolución de problemas aritméticos verbales: ayudas textuales y gráficas

Resumen

Partiendo de la doble naturaleza matemática y textual de la tarea de resolver un problema aritmético, hemos diseñado un estudio empírico que incorpora al proceso de resolución dos ayudas diferentes: la reescritura—matemática o situacional—de problemas y las ayudas gráficas (dibujos) matemáticas o situacionales. Se analizó con estadísticos no paramétricos la influencia de estas ayudas en el acierto con el que una muestra de 152 alumnos de 3° a 5° de Educación Primaria resolvió doce problemas aritméticos de dos operaciones. Los resultados mostraron que los dos tipos de reescritura y los dibujos matemáticos incrementan el acierto (especialmente para los alumnos más competentes) mientras que los dibujos situacionales no ejercieron ninguna influencia.     

Takayasu’s arteritis associated with Crohn’s disease

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA), also known as the “pulseless disease,” is a chronic vasculitis of the aorta and aortic branches. TA with Crohn’s disease is rare and has not been documented in China before. In this paper we report on a case of Takayasu’s arteritis associated with concurrent Crohn’s disease. A 17-year-old Chinese male developed upper limb sourness and a sensation of fatigue, and his upper limb pulses were absent. He was diagnosed with TA and underwent an axillary artery bypass with autologous great saphenous vein on the left subclavian artery. After the surgery, he regained the normal blood pressure. This patient also had years of diarrhea and developed an anal canal ulcer, and was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis before. Five months after the TA surgery, he was hospitalized for severe stomachache and diarrhea and was finally diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for concurrent existence of TA and Crohn’s disease may be associated with immune disorders, especially autoimmunity.      

Case Report: Takayasu's arteritis associated with Crohn's disease

Takayasu's arteritis (TA), also known as the "pulseless disease," is a chronic vasculitis of the aorta and aortic branches. TA with Crohn's disease is rare and has not been documented in China before. In this paper we report on a case of Takayasu's arteritis associated with concurrent Crohn's disease. A 17-year-old Chinese male developed upper limb sourness and a sensation of fatigue, and his upper limb pulses were absent. He was diagnosed with TA and underwent an axillary artery bypass with autolo-gous great saphenous vein on the left subclavian artery. After the surgery, he regained the normal blood pressure. This patient also had years of diarrhea and developed an anal canal ulcer, and was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis before. Five months after the TA surgery, he was hospitalized for severe stomachache and diarrhea and was finally diagnosed with Crohn's disease. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for concurrent existence of TA and Crohn's disease may be associated with immune disorders, especially autoimmunity.     

Defining According to its Essence: An Analysis on the Concept of Tong Shi Education (General Education) in the Native Chinese Context

Abstract

The authors review the concept of Tong Shi (通 识) in ancient Chinese philosophical texts, illustrate the Chinese cultural attributes unique to the characters Tong and Shi, and confirm that the name and essence of Tong Shi Education has a clear directivity and irreplaceable coverage to university general education in contemporary China. To use Tong Shi to refer to general education can facilitate the establishment of a modern higher education concept that deeply rooted in Chinese traditions. Based on substantial historic sources, the authors also argue that Tong Shi Education as an educational concept that links both the past to the present and has global significance, was created out of the internal requirements of China’s reforms as Chinese universities are facing modern transformations.