PDCA模型在科技项目全流程质量管理的应用——以广东省重点领域研发计划项目管理为例

我国尚未形成针对重大科技专项不同阶段的标准化文件或质量管理体系。为促进我国的科技项目管理实现全流程质量管理,保证管理适用、高效、有效益以及可持续,在梳理对比国内外依托专业机构形成的科技项目全流程管理机制的基础上,以广东省重点领域研发计划项目管理为例,依据PDCA循环理论,结合广东省科技计划项目管理特点及相关政策体系,建立以“项目计划－项目决策－过程监督－分析反馈”为主线的科技项目全流程质量管理体系。研究提出科技项目全流程质量管理模式含括项目计划、项目决策、过程监督和分析反馈四大阶段,在项目计划阶段要制定适用于科技计划管理的通用管理、技术以及工作标准;决策阶段要以开展项目评审为核心任务;实施阶段要着重开展项目执行过程的动态监测、风险识别估计及防范、标准化评价体系建立等工作;分析反馈阶段需围绕组织实施绩效评价以及专项管理工作后评价开展工作。并从完善信息化管理机制、建立风险管控机制、实施项目专员制和开展标准化建设等方面提出进一步优化、完善科技项目全流程质量管理建议。     

中、德、日一流大学科研产出趋势比较——基于科学计量学的案例研究

本文运用科学计量学方法,以科学引文索引收录的国际论文为主要科研产出指标,对中、德、日三组一流大学1998-2007年期间科研产出规模与质量变化趋势进行了对比分析.我国7所一流大学科研论文产出规模已经超过德国的7所一流大学,赶上了日本的7所一流大学,科研论文质量总体上在显著提升,与德国和日本的差距在缩小,但重大原创性成果严重缺乏,与德国和日本差距巨大.对我国少数以世界一流为建设目标的大学来说,其未来科研基点应是开展重大原创性研究,催生重大原创性成果.     

Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect

Policies can be powerful tools for prevention given their potential to affect conditions that can improve population-level health. Given the dearth of empirical research on policies’ impacts on child maltreatment, this article (a) identifies 37 state policies that might have impacts on the social determinants of child maltreatment; (b) identifies available data sources documenting the implementation of 31 policies; and (c) utilizes the available data to explore effects of 11 policies (selected because they had little missing data) on child maltreatment rates. These include two policies aimed at reducing poverty, two temporary assistance to needy families policies, two policies aimed at increasing access to child care, three policies aimed at increasing access to high quality pre-K, and three policies aimed at increasing access to health care. Multi-level regression analyses between within-state trends of child maltreatment investigation rates and these 11 policies, controlling for states’ childhood poverty, adults without a high school diploma, unemployment, child burden, and race/ethnicity, identified two that were significantly associated with decreased child maltreatment rates: lack of waitlists to access subsidized child care and policies that facilitate continuity of child health care. These findings are correlational and are limited by the quality and availability of the data. Future research might focus on a reduced number of states that have good quality administrative data or population-based survey data on child maltreatment or reasonable proxies for child maltreatment and where data on the actual implementation of specific policies of interest can be documented.     

基于Mystery Shopping的公共图书馆服务质量评估

解析Mystery Shopping评估检测法,研究威尔士公共图书馆服务质量评估Mystery Shopping项目,揭示该项目对国内公共图书馆服务质量评估的启示。     

职业训练的效益评估——以企业内训为例

近年来,职业训练训后评估逐渐被重视,例如美国训练与发展协会(ASTD)及台湾人才发展质量管理系统(TTQS)等,皆关注参训者于训练时所习得的新知识或技术是否能应用于职场中,以利直接提升企业的实质效益。本研究于2014年5⁶月份期间,协助台湾地区65家事业单位进行训后追踪评估,总共搜集了65位企业主管及429位参训学员评估训练成效。研究发现,学员认为参训后在新知识及技术的获得、受训内容应用于实务中、及提升工作表现等方面,具有最明显的改变;此结果与企业主管评估参训学员训后能力提升的结果相符,主管认为员工参训后在训练内容的应用、获得新知识与技术、提升工作表现、及问题解决能力等皆有不错表现。另外,企业主管也认为训练除了能提升员工表现以外,在组织目标达成、组织营运绩效、及组织营运成本等,皆有正向的影响及改善。整体上,参训学员及企业主管对于训练计划成果持正向支持的态度,并乐于继续参与训练课程以加强组织竞争力。     

基于粗糙集的决策规则可靠性评估方法

粗糙集理论是处理不精确、不准确数据的有效方法，但是通过粗糙集方法获得的决策规则对于不完整的信息承统和随机数据也是不确定的。本文描述了一个用于决策规则的可靠性评价方法。该方法独立于任何专用引申规则方法，并且参数能够被调整以适应不同的信息系统。     

高职“工学结合”教育模式下考评方式改革试点分析

传统的考评方式存在着与高等职业教育的培养目标相违背的弊病，由此引发了的一些不良现象。武汉职业技术学院根据高等职业教育的特点，以及“工学结合”教育模式的要求，确定了考评方式改革思路，并且进行了改革试点，课题组对考评改革试点的实施情况进行了分析与总结，为考评方式的改革提供了可操作性的意见。     

Arts education partnerships: sources of harmony and dissonance with cultural institutions’ collaborative efforts

ABSTRACT

Due to budget constraints, schools in the United States have increasingly turned to community arts organizations for support. School-community arts partnership stakeholders collaborate because of shared missions to provide students with valuable arts learning experiences. Investigations of these initiatives indicate that these partnerships improve arts learning opportunities and increase public support and resources for arts education. However, not much is known about the experiences and perspectives of the arts organizations that participate in these partnerships. Coordinating collective efforts with a multitude of institutions and interests poses challenges. In this study, we examine survey data collected from arts organization administrators who participated in a large-scale school-community arts partnership initiative. We find that these organizations are generally positive about their impacts on students’ educational outcomes, but there is substantial variation in these views. We also find that organizations differ in their levels of support for these collective efforts. Sources of this variation appear to be attributable to organizations’ preexisting resources and extent to which they are established. While this difference in levels of support is potentially inevitable, we find evidence that the operations handled by the “backbone” organization, i.e. the initiative’s facilitators and overseers, can significantly influence organizations’ levels of support for these efforts. Organizations are more likely to support these collaborative efforts when they believe the backbone organization ensures transparency with initiative operations, provides regular, effective communication, and effectively resolves competing priorities.     

质性评价:另一种学生学业评价方法

量化评价是基于自然科学主义观点对学生学业开展评价,它将学生作为统一的整体忽略了个体之间的差异,而基于人文主义的质性评价则注重学生之间的个体差异。质性评价为职业教育中的学业评价提供了另一种好思路,值得研究和推广。