试比较莱斯与纽马克的文本类型翻译理论

凯瑟琳娜。莱斯和彼得。纽马克的文本类型为翻译研究做出了巨大的贡献,通过对二者的文本类型理论的认识、对比和分析,二者的翻译理论在翻译的方法、步骤和翻译批评等方面存在差异,该文进行了详细的读解,二者的文本翻译理论研究为翻译学者提供了新的视角。     

“多元系统派”理论再探

上个世纪70年代,西方翻译理论界兴起“文化转向”。文化导向的翻译理论以佐哈尔的“多元·系统理论”为发端,并从图里与勒弗菲尔的“翻译规范”和“改写”概念中汲取补充养分,形成了较为完整的“多元系统派”理论。梳理该派理论的改良和发展过程,并以其为指导充分研究相关案例,将有助于对该理论的合理性、系统性和应用价值作出更加准确的判断。     

专题研讨式教学在研究生思想政治理论课中的运用

专题研讨式教学适应了研究生思想政治理论课的特点,适应了教学对象———研究生的特征,促进了任课教师的发展。专题研讨式教学的实施包括专题内容的设置、专题的讲授与研讨,教学的考核、教学的评价与总结四个方面。实施专题研讨式教学应注意三点,即坚持意识形态的导向性,提升任课教师的素养,与其他教学方式相结合。     

论明清小说戏曲理论与佛教心性论的关系

明清小说戏曲理论具有丰富的佛教心性论内涵。明清小说戏曲思想家认为,艺术的虚构性出于创造之心,因而推重真实性情的书写,提出“写心”、“曲为心曲”等直切心源的学说,主张以平常心境进行审美活动。探讨明清小说戏曲理论与佛教心性论的关系,不能忽视贯穿其中的般若空观精神。     

向文学理论原典阅读回归——关于高校文学理论教学的思考

当前我国高校文学理论教学面临着重重困境,理论原典阅读的长期缺席,是文学理论教学的致命伤.若想解决这一问题,就亟需回归原典阅读之路,在回归原典阅读的过程中,必须遵守宏观性原则、适当性原则、连续性原则以及实践性原则,才能够真正破解目前文学理论教学所处的困局.     

Pre-service teachers' implicit and explicit beliefs about English language learners: An implicit association test study

Pre-service teachers' attitudes and beliefs about English Learners (ELs) are especially critical as they enter their professions among an increasingly diverse student population. This study uses an Implicit Association Test to explore implicit and explicit beliefs and attitudes of pre-service teachers about ELs. Pre-service teachers from a Southeastern U.S. university hold generally positive implicit beliefs about ELs and express positive expectations for working with ELs and school support. Implicit association test measures have potential as tools for preparing pre-service teachers and evaluating the impact of interventions that seek to improve teachers’ readiness to serve this population.     

Revisiting the cluster-based paradigm for implicit search result diversification

To cope with ambiguous and/or underspecified queries, search result diversification (SRD) is a key technique that has attracted a lot of attention. This paper focuses on implicit SRD, where the subtopics underlying a query are unknown. Many existing methods appeal to the greedy strategy for generating diversified results. A common practice is using a heuristic criterion for making the locally optimal choice at each round. As a result, it is difficult to know whether the failures are caused by the optimization criterion or the setting of parameters. Different from previous studies, we formulate implicit SRD as a process of selecting and ranking k exemplar documents through integer linear programming (ILP). The key idea is that: for a specific query, we expect to maximize the overall relevance of the k exemplar documents. Meanwhile, we wish to maximize the representativeness of the selected exemplar documents with respect to the non-selected documents. Intuitively, if the selected exemplar documents concisely represent the entire set of documents, the novelty and diversity will naturally arise. Moreover, we propose two approaches ILP4ID (Integer Linear Programming for Implicit SRD) and AP4ID (Affinity Propagation for Implicit SRD) for solving the proposed formulation of implicit SRD. In particular, ILP4ID appeals to the strategy of bound-and-branch and is able to obtain the optimal solution. AP4ID being an approximate method transforms the target problem as a maximum-a-posteriori inference problem, and the message passing algorithm is adopted to find the solution. Furthermore, we investigate the differences and connections between the proposed models and prior models by casting them as different variants of the cluster-based paradigm for implicit SRD. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches, we conduct a series of experiments on four benchmark TREC diversity collections. The experimental results demonstrate that: (1) The proposed methods, especially ILP4ID, can achieve substantially improved performance over the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods for implicit SRD. (2) The initial runs, the number of input documents, query types, the ways of computing document similarity, the pre-defined cluster number and the optimization algorithm significantly affect the performance of diversification models. Careful examinations of these factors are highly recommended in the development of implicit SRD methods. Based on the in-depth study of different types of methods for implicit SRD, we provide additional insight into the cluster-based paradigm for implicit SRD. In particular, how the methods relying on greedy strategies impact the performance of implicit SRD, and how a particular diversification model should be fine-tuned.     

定位理论的创新应用——以吉利汽车为例

定位理论是广告学和市场营销学中最重要的理论之一,吉利汽车从适应消费者需求及其变化的角度,从中国民族的汽车产业的立场,对定位理论作了创新应用,这种创新应用也给理论界与实务界带来新的启示。     

谢赫“六法”辨析

谢赫出生年代应在公元465年左右,其著作不是《古画品录》而应是《画品》;谢赫提出的"六法"内容和释义历来说法不一,在此对其做一较具体的辨析。