不同运动项目干预对老年妇女抑郁焦虑情绪的影响

目的：研究不同运动项目对老年妇女抑郁、焦虑的影响。方法：以乌鲁木齐市区有抑郁和焦虑症状倾向但无严重躯体疾病和严重精神疾患的老年女性为研究对象,根据研究对象个人情况研制针对性的登山运动、太极拳运动、民族舞蹈运动的运动处方并实施8周,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）分别对76名研究对象实施运动处方前后进行测评。结果：经过4周规律的运动后,研究对象的抑郁和焦虑情绪均有显著缓解,8周后改善更为明显。结论：长期中等强度的登山运动、太极拳运动和民族舞蹈运动均可有效改善老年妇女的抑郁和焦虑情绪;就运动项目而言,民族舞蹈运动在老年妇女抑郁情绪改善方面,更易产生心理裨益,太极拳运动在老年妇女焦虑情绪改善方面,更易产生心理裨益。     

身心练习对大学生焦虑、抑郁和压力影响的实验研究

目的:观察身心练习(太极拳、瑜伽)对非临床大学生焦虑、抑郁和压力的影响。方法:210名大学生随机分为瑜伽组、太极组、形体练习组和不运动对照组四组,进行12周每周一次、每次80min的练习,实验前后应用正念注意觉知量表进行正念水平、应用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表进行焦虑、抑郁和压力的测量。结果:①瑜伽组、太极组练习前后正念水平显著提高(P<0.05),且练习后均与形体组、对照组有显著差异(P<0.05);②瑜伽组、太极组练习后焦虑、抑郁和压力均显著改善(P<0.05),且练习后各指标均与形体组有显著差异(P<0.05);③瑜伽组、太极组正念水平的提高与焦虑、抑郁和压力的改善没有显著性相关(P>0.05)。结论:长期身心练习显著改善大学生的焦虑、抑郁和压力等负面情绪,并使其正念水平显著提高,但两者之间未检测到显著相关。     

Associations between retirement reasons,chronic pain,athletic identity,and depressive symptoms among former professional footballers

Background: Retirement from professional sport has been recognised as a major psychological stressor, and there is a need to identify factors that increase the risk of mental health problems after career termination. The current study examined associations between career-ending injury, chronic pain, athletic identity, and depressive symptomology in retired professional footballers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 307 retired male footballers who had played within a professional United Kingdom league. Participants completed measures of depressive symptoms (Short Depression-Happiness Scale), chronic pain (Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale), and athletic identity (Athletic Identity Measurement Scale), and reported their reasons for retirement. Results: A total of 48 participants (16%) met the cut-off score for possible cases of clinically relevant depression. These participants were more recently retired, and had higher athletic identity than those without depressive symptoms. Former players with depressive symptoms were more likely to cite injury as a retirement reason, and report higher levels of ongoing injury-related pain. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the presence of depressive symptoms was independently associated with retirement through injury (OR?=?3.44; 95% CI?=?1.39, 8.51), higher pain levels (OR?=?1.38; 95% CI?=?1.02, 1.86), and increased athletic identity (OR?=?1.28; 95% CI?=?1.14, 1.44). Conclusions: Career-ending injury is strongly associated with higher odds of depressive symptomology during retirement, while experiencing chronic pain, and maintaining a high sense of athletic identity, are additional potential contributors.     

力量训练对抑郁女大学生抑郁状态、 单胺递质水平的影响

为探讨力量训练对于抑郁女大学生抑郁状态、单胺递质和体质状况的影响,将30名轻度到中度抑郁的女大学生分为两组：抑郁运动组15名（进行8周,每周3次,强度为50％～70％最大负荷的力量训练）和抑郁对照组15名。另外选取15名正常无抑郁的女大学生为正常对照组。分别于实验前后测量受试者的抑郁状态,5-HT、NE、皮质醇水平,体成分,握力和下肢蹬伸爆发力。8周力量训练后,抑郁运动组的CES—D量表评分下降,抑郁症状减轻。抑郁患者血浆5-HT、NE水平低于正常人,皮质醇水平高于正常人。经过8周力量训练后,抑郁患者血浆5-HT、NE水平上升,皮质醇水平下降;体脂百分比下降,瘦体重、握力、下肢蹬伸爆发力增加。抑郁可能与5-HT、NE的下降,皮质醇的升高有关。8周的力量训练可以有效地改善抑郁患者的体成分、力量和心理健康。     

有关锻炼与减低抑郁关系研究的综述

回顾锻炼治疗抑郁症的历史与现状,指出锻炼是对传统的药物治疗与心理治疗抑郁症方法的有效补充。与药物治疗和心理治疗相比,锻炼治疗抑郁症花费更少,并且无任何副作用。     

妇科肿瘤患者化疗后骨髓Ⅳ级抑制的护理

通过１４例妇科肿瘤患者化疗后骨髓Ⅳ级抑制的护理,探讨在无隔离层流室的条件下医疗护理的信度和效度,经过护理人员的精心护理和医疗干预,除２例病情好转后放弃继续治疗外,１２例均痊愈出院,说明只要及早发现并对高危因素进行评估,采取积极的措施,化疗后骨髓Ⅳ级抑制是能得到控制和康复的。     

Specific types of sports and exercise group participation and socio-psychological health in older people

ABSTRACT

Older people who engage in sports and exercise in a group render greater benefits for socio-psychological aspects compared to exercising alone. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of specific types of sports and exercise groups and the association with self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and frequency of laughter among community-dwelling older people. We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study and analysed 63,465 males and 68,497 females aged ≥65 years. The top three most popular types among males were golf (11.3%), walking (8.4%), and ground golf (6.3%). Among females, the top three were fitness exercises (13.8%), walking (8.3%), and weight exercises (6.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, engaging in golf with a group was significantly related with excellent self-rated health (prevalence ratio, PR, 1.31 in male and 1.78 in female), low depressive symptoms (PR, 0.70 and 0.71), and a high frequency of laughter (PR, 1.12 and 1.13). Among females, walking displayed a significant relationship with all three characteristics (PR, 1.23, 0.79, and 1.06, respectively). Golf in older males and walking in older females might be the first choice for an effective programme to spread sports and exercise groups within the older Japanese community.     

Caregiver depression and trajectories of behavioral health among child welfare involved youth

Child welfare involvement has been linked to child behavioral health issues, including increased likelihood of internalizing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, and externalizing behavioral problems such as oppositional behaviors and substance use problems. One predictor of child behavioral health is caregiver mental health. Although, there remains a specific gap associated with identification of factors among caregivers that are associated with longitudinal child behavioral health trajectories. Using LONGSCAN, we explore the effects of caregiver depression on the behavioral health of children over time. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models showed that children with a caregiver who reported depression showed significantly higher internalizing behavioral problems over time, and significantly larger decreases in externalizing behavioral problems over time, compared to children with a caregiver who reported no depression. These findings emphasize that early interventions geared towards jointly assessing and treating parent and child mental health issues in the child welfare system may be successful at improving future behavioral health outcomes.     

Externally Contingent and Unstable Self‐Worth as Predictors of Depression in College Women: A 3‐Month Study

Undergraduate women completed measures of externally contingent self‐worth, self‐esteem instability, and depression at the beginning (Time 1) and again 3 months later near the end (Time 2) of an academic semester. Findings indicated that when Time 1 depression scores were controlled for, each Time 1 facet of self‐esteem made significant contributions to Time 2 depression scores. Implications of these findings for the counseling of depressed college students are discussed.     

二阶常系数线性微分方程的降阶法

考虑二阶常系数线性微分方程的降阶法.首先,写出二阶齐次常系数线性微分方程的特征方程,求出特征方程的两个特征根;然后,利用积分因子乘以微分方程和导数的运算,将二阶常系数线性微分方程化为一阶微分形式;最后,将一阶微分形式两边同时积分,求解一阶线性微分方程,可求得二阶常系数线性微分方程的一个特解或通解.利用降阶法,可以求得微分方程的一个特解或通解.其计算方法简单和方便,在实际中具有应用价值。