国外老年人信息行为研究综述

论文综合归纳分析国外老年人信息行为相关文献,表明国外老年人信息行为研究内容包括信息查询行为研究、行为影响因素研究,其中信息查询行为研究又包括信息需求、获取信息的渠道和信息检索行为三方面,研究趋势是从宏观调查研究向微观具体、多角度的实验研究发展。最后,分析了目前国外老年人信息行为研究的特征和不足。     

Sleep quality improved following a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older women: Results from a pilot study

BackgroundPoor sleep quality is associated with adverse effects on health outcomes. It is not clear whether exercise can improve sleep quality and whether intensity of exercise affects any of the effects.MethodsFifteen healthy, non-obese (body mass index = 24.4 ± 2.1 kg/m², mean ± SD), sedentary (<20 min of exercise on no more than 3 times/week) older women (66.1 ± 3.9 years) volunteered for the study. Peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) was evaluated using a graded exercise test on a treadmill with a metabolic cart. Following a 7-day baseline period, each participant completed two exercise sessions (separated by 1 week) with equal caloric expenditure, but at different intensities (60% and 45% VO_2peak, sequence randomized) between 9:00 and 11:00 am. A wrist ActiGraph monitor was used to assess sleep at baseline and two nights following each exercise session.ResultsThe average duration of the exercise was 54 and 72 min, respectively at 60% (moderate-intensity) and 45% VO_2peak (light-intensity). Wake time after sleep onset was significantly shorter (p = 0.016), the number of awakenings was less (p = 0.046), and total activity counts were lower (p = 0.05) after the moderate-intensity exercise compared to baseline no-exercise condition.ConclusionOur data showed that a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session improved sleep quality in older women.     

浅议幼儿教育中的放大效应

放大效应本是一个工程、生产的技术术语,具有高灵敏性和夸大性的特点。放大效应同样适用于幼儿教育中。目前,成人在教育幼儿时,常表现出过分夸大幼儿的正确行为表现或行为结果而造成不适当的完全放大效应,或对幼儿的局部问题或小毛病过于敏感而造成不适当的部分放大效应,或全盘否定幼儿的行为表现或行为结果而造成不适当的否定放大效应等。针对不同类型的放大效应采取合理的教育方法,对提高幼儿教育质量有很好的促进作用。     

Just a Body in a Wheelchair

This article has no direct link with academics, children, students or those who teach: I severed almost all such connections several years ago. It describes the rewards and challenges of leading a reminiscence group of elderly people, all of whom suffer some level of memory loss and/or severe physical disability; most are wheelchair-bound. It contains examples of their autobiographical talk which I recorded separately from group meetings and transcribed, exclusively for the satisfaction of each individual concerned. Ours is not a society which cherishes its aged members. What becomes of their identity? Who are they now? They are, of course, people – as interesting as those in our classrooms. They too need to know their own worth.     

成年人身体活动变化过程的理论建构及其测量工具的研究

介绍了一个近期由中国和德国锻炼心理学家们共同构建的、针对成年人身体活动变化过程的理论——“从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型”(Four Steps from Inactivity to Activity;FIT模型),并初步检验了基于FIT模型编制的测量工具——《成年人身体活动调查问卷》.研究认为,FIT模型系统地描述了中德两国成年人身体活动变化过程的阶段特点,以及与行为阶段转化密切相关的健康体质因素和社会心理环境的影响因素.所用调查问卷在两国成年人样本中均具有良好的心理测量学信、效度水平.今后可以在此基础上进一步开展系列实证性研究,以推动FIT模型在中德两国的发展.     

体力活动与中老年人功能健康

《2008美国体力活动指南》针对体力活动与中老年人功能健康和残障的相关研究进行系统检索及回顾分析,得出3个结论：（1）规律的体力活动能够预防或推迟功能受限和角色受限的发生;（2）规律的体力活动能够促进或维持功能能力和角色能力;（3）规律的体力活动能够降低老年人跌倒及其相关伤害的风险。因此提出,由于老年人参与体力活动最少而发生残障的危险最高,促进老年人的体力活动是一项非常重要的公众健康目标。     

智障成年人运动效能评定量表的编制

根据运动效能的操作定义,结合智障成年人身心特点,在访谈和调研的基础上编制智障成年人运动效能评定量表。对量表进行内容效度、结构效度和信度检验的结果表明:结构模型确定运动效能量表的维度包括基本体育运动能力、体育运动中的心理过程和体育运动中的适应行为。验证性分析检验拟合优度和调整拟合优度较高,评价结果的相关矩阵与理论模型之间拟合较好,可以接受理论模型的结构。量表的11个指标的重测信度比较高,说明该量表具有一定的稳定性,可用于智障成年人运动效能的评定。     

成人心理理论的发展及其与人际信任的关系

运用眼神读心测验和信任量表对180名成年人(青年、中年、老年各60名)进行施测。结果表明:心理理论在青年至中年随年龄增长而上升,在中年至老年随年龄增长而下降;青年人心理理论的性别差异具有显著差异,中年人和老年人性别差异不显著;成人心理理论与人际信任显著正相关,人际信任是成人心理理论显著的预测变量。     

欧盟促进成人学习政策国内研究文献综述

里斯本会议以来,欧盟制定了多项促进成人学习的教育与培训方面的政策。近几年,国内学者对这些促进成人学习政策进行了不同层面的研究。通过对国内相关研究成果进行统计分析和系统的梳理,从政策的背景与特征、政策实施的成效与问题、政策发展的趋势等方面进行了综述。最后指出相关研究存在的不足和亟待加强之处,以供国内学者进一步研究之参考。     

Determinants of older Korean adults’ participation in life-long learning programmes and life satisfaction

ABSTRACT

Using Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data, we examined the influence of older adults’ individual characteristics (i.e. marital status, health and economic status) on life satisfaction, with the mediating effect of older adults’ active participation in lifelong learning. As a result, some individual characteristics appeared to significantly determine both learning participation and life satisfaction. Economic status appeared to function as a significant predictor of older adults’ participation in lifelong learning programmes, which ultimately resulted in a significant improvement in their life satisfaction. Marital status and health were also significant contributors to older adults’ life satisfaction. The mediating model was tenable according to model-data fit indices.