Relative Endurance and Physiological Responses: A Study of Individual Differences in Prepubescent Boys and Adult Men

Abstract

The reliability of individual differences in relative endurance performance and physiological response was studied in prepubescent boys (N = 21) and adult men (N = 21). Subjects were tested twice (test and retest) on a relative endurance test consisting of pedalling a bicycle ergometer for 8 minutes duration at a high initial work-rate. The work-rate averaged 103% ± 1.0% VO₂ max (mean ± S.E.) for the children and 105% ± 1.1% VO₂ max for the adults, p > .05. Except for minute 3, children and adults had similar patterns for consistency of relative endurance performance (RPM). However, in comparison to adults, children had smaller individual difference variation for both VO₂ and HR (p > .05). On the average, children had a greater proportion of total variability in VO₂ (34% vs. 17%) and HR (49% vs. 13%) due to intra-individual variability in comparison to true individual differences. Children-adult differences were attributed to maturity differences.     

智障成年人运动效能评定量表的编制

根据运动效能的操作定义,结合智障成年人身心特点,在访谈和调研的基础上编制智障成年人运动效能评定量表。对量表进行内容效度、结构效度和信度检验的结果表明:结构模型确定运动效能量表的维度包括基本体育运动能力、体育运动中的心理过程和体育运动中的适应行为。验证性分析检验拟合优度和调整拟合优度较高,评价结果的相关矩阵与理论模型之间拟合较好,可以接受理论模型的结构。量表的11个指标的重测信度比较高,说明该量表具有一定的稳定性,可用于智障成年人运动效能的评定。     

Sleep quality improved following a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older women: Results from a pilot study

BackgroundPoor sleep quality is associated with adverse effects on health outcomes. It is not clear whether exercise can improve sleep quality and whether intensity of exercise affects any of the effects.MethodsFifteen healthy, non-obese (body mass index = 24.4 ± 2.1 kg/m², mean ± SD), sedentary (<20 min of exercise on no more than 3 times/week) older women (66.1 ± 3.9 years) volunteered for the study. Peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) was evaluated using a graded exercise test on a treadmill with a metabolic cart. Following a 7-day baseline period, each participant completed two exercise sessions (separated by 1 week) with equal caloric expenditure, but at different intensities (60% and 45% VO_2peak, sequence randomized) between 9:00 and 11:00 am. A wrist ActiGraph monitor was used to assess sleep at baseline and two nights following each exercise session.ResultsThe average duration of the exercise was 54 and 72 min, respectively at 60% (moderate-intensity) and 45% VO_2peak (light-intensity). Wake time after sleep onset was significantly shorter (p = 0.016), the number of awakenings was less (p = 0.046), and total activity counts were lower (p = 0.05) after the moderate-intensity exercise compared to baseline no-exercise condition.ConclusionOur data showed that a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session improved sleep quality in older women.     

Patterns of accelerometer-derived sedentary time across the lifespan

ABSTRACT

We aimed to describe ST and its patterns on a national level. A hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT1M) was used to collect data during waking hours from 4575 Portuguese’ participants from 2007–2009 (2683 females) aged 10–102 years old. Data was presented by sex, in 5-years age intervals, and by adolescents (n=2833), adults (n=1122), and older adults (n=620). Lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) smoothed percentile curves were estimated. Girls, women, and older women spent 61, 57, and 64% of wear time in ST, respectively. In males, ST represented 57, 60, and 62% of wear time respectively for boys, men, and older men. Comparing to other age groups, older adults spent a larger amount of ST in bouts ≥30-min (women: 33%, men: 39% of total ST). The number of breaks/ST hour were: 10.6 in girls, 11.7 in women, and 9.6 in older women. In males, the number of breaks/ST hour were: 11.2, 10.5, and 8.5 for boys, men, and older men. In conclusion, ST was not consistently higher at older ages. Instead, we found that the potential critical moments in which ST may be higher are during adolescence and in the transition from adulthood into older adulthood, which represents critical periods for interventions.     

成人高师思想政治工作内容与方法的创新

本阐述了新形势下成人高师思想政治工作应充实新内容：马克思主义理论教育;知识经济时代追求科学理性、把智能本位作为人生存发展基石的教育;加入WTO后的思想道德教育;心理健康教育等,提出了创新思想政治工作的方法。     

浅议幼儿教育中的放大效应

放大效应本是一个工程、生产的技术术语,具有高灵敏性和夸大性的特点。放大效应同样适用于幼儿教育中。目前,成人在教育幼儿时,常表现出过分夸大幼儿的正确行为表现或行为结果而造成不适当的完全放大效应,或对幼儿的局部问题或小毛病过于敏感而造成不适当的部分放大效应,或全盘否定幼儿的行为表现或行为结果而造成不适当的否定放大效应等。针对不同类型的放大效应采取合理的教育方法,对提高幼儿教育质量有很好的促进作用。     

广东省成年人体育消费与体质状况关系的分析研究

采用测量、调查和统计方法 ,对广东省不同职业人员及不同年龄组别的男、女共50 1 78人进行了研究。研究结果表明 :1　随着经济的发展 ,发达地区在体育消费上的支出增加较多 ;而发展地区体育消费支出还维持在一个较低的水平上 ,这一结果符合恩格尔定律。 2　在不同组别的体育消费中 ,甲组 ( 1 8— 4 0岁 )明显高于乙组 ( 41— 60岁 )。 3　在不同性别的体育消费中 ,体育消费的投入差别不大。 4　在不同的年龄中 ,体育消费与年龄成反比关系。 5　在不同的职业群体中 ,体育消费水平与文化水平成正比关系。 6　总体上发达地区成年人的体质优于发展地区成年人的体质。其合格率之间存在着明显的差异     

心理旋转能力的发展研究综述

心理旋转是人在头脑中想象和操作物体作视觉空间转换的过程。Shepard和Metzler从1971年开始对心理旋转的研究,此后有许多认知心理学家对心理旋转进行了大量的实验和验证。心理旋转的实验多以成人为被试,对它的发展性研究相对较少。当前大多数研究证实了在儿童4岁时操纵简单刺激物时就有了心理旋转能力;在心理旋转的准确性和匹配速度方面,中青年阶段都要优于儿童和老年人;在完成任务的速度上,儿童又优于老年人。心理旋转对早期儿童教育和中学教育都很重要,因此我们应在游戏和日常生活中培养儿童的空间知觉能力,根据儿童青少年的个体差异设置课程,改革中小学几何教学以提高儿童青少年的空间智能。     

The impact of the secure custodial setting on re-engaging incarcerated children with education and learning – A case study in the UK

As many as 90 % of incarcerated children and young people enter the secure setting disengaged from education. The nature of the secure custodial setting compounds the complex and challenging needs of the children, though efforts to understand this are limited. This paper reports on an ethnographic case study in one secure children’s home in England. Findings show that children can be re-engaged with education, relatively easily within a short space of time, given the right conditions. However, the secure setting was a defining feature, shaping the extent of this engagement. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendation made.