社会学因素对厦门市成年人体力活动量的影响研究

为了探究社会学因素对厦门市成年人体力活动量的影响,本研究通过分析部分社会学因素与厦门市居民(20岁以上)体力活动量之间的关系.以问卷调查的方式对厦门市成年人进行调查,采用回归分析影响成年人体力活动量因素.研究发现,吸烟和体力活动总量有相关性(95％CI=154.456-670.823,p＜0.01);一周参加锻炼的频率...     

健身环境影响老年人健康的机制及体力活动的中介效应

目的：老年健康问题逐渐受到各国政府关注,改善健身环境被视为改善健康的一项战略方案。然而,尚未清楚健身环境诸因素中哪些因素影响老年人健康状况,及体力活动在其中所产生的作用。本研究主要探究健身环境诸因素对老年人健康的影响机制,以期改善健身环境特征,促进老年人健康状况。方法：随机抽取南京市32个社区499名老年人,采用问卷调查基本信息,三维加速度计和GPS测量老年人户外活动强度、时间和活动轨迹,利用GIS提取客观健身环境因素,使用AMOS 22.0对结构方程模型进行检验。结果：人口密度和街道连通性对老年人健康产生直接影响,效应量分别为0.100、0.121;人口密度、交通站点数和至商业场所距离通过体力活动对老年人健康产生间接影响,效应量分别为0.041、0.067、0.086。研究还发现体力活动在建筑密度、人均道路总长度、交通站点数、至健身场所距离、至商业场所距离与女性老年人健康状况间起到中介作用,对男性无中介作用。结论：健身环境诸因素中人口密度、街道连通性、交通站点数和至商业场所距离对老年人健康产生正向促进作用;与轻体力活动相比,中高体力活动在健身环境与健康之间起到的中介作用较大。健身环境诸因素对老年人健康的影响程度大小排序人口密度＞街道连通性＞至商业场所距离＞交通站点数;健身环境诸因素对老年人健康的影响也在性别差异。     

广东省成年人体育消费与体质状况关系的分析研究

采用测量、调查和统计方法 ,对广东省不同职业人员及不同年龄组别的男、女共50 1 78人进行了研究。研究结果表明 :1　随着经济的发展 ,发达地区在体育消费上的支出增加较多 ;而发展地区体育消费支出还维持在一个较低的水平上 ,这一结果符合恩格尔定律。 2　在不同组别的体育消费中 ,甲组 ( 1 8— 4 0岁 )明显高于乙组 ( 41— 60岁 )。 3　在不同性别的体育消费中 ,体育消费的投入差别不大。 4　在不同的年龄中 ,体育消费与年龄成反比关系。 5　在不同的职业群体中 ,体育消费水平与文化水平成正比关系。 6　总体上发达地区成年人的体质优于发展地区成年人的体质。其合格率之间存在着明显的差异     

Effect of supramaximal exercise training on metabolic outcomes in obese adults

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of supramaximal exercise training (SET) on performance variables and metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults.

Twenty-four obese adults were randomly allocated into a non-trained (NT) [n = 12; body mass index (BMI) = 33(3)] and SET group [n = 12; BMI = (33(2)]. After baseline metabolic and fitness measurements, the participants completed a 6-week SET intervention. Metabolic, anthropometric, and fitness assessments were repeated post-intervention.

For SET, fasting glucose (4.64(0.15) vs. 4.32(0.22) mmol · l^–1; P < 0.01), insulin (23.2(4.6) vs. 13.8(3.3) µmol · ml^–1; P < 0.01), homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (4.78(1.2) vs. 2.65(1.5); P < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (127(3) vs. 120(3) mmHg; P < 0.01) were significantly lower 24-h post-intervention than at baseline and for the NT group, and these changes remained significant at 72-h and 2-weeks post-intervention (P < 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, nonesterified fatty acids (0.62(0.09) vs. 0.71(0.11) mmol · l^–1; P < 0.01) and resting fat oxidation rate (57(11) vs. 63(4)%; P < 0.01) increased significantly from baseline 24-h post-intervention in the SET group and from baseline at 72-h (P < 0.01, respectively) and 2-weeks post-intervention (P < 0.01, respectively). Six weeks of SET improved a number of metabolic and vascular risk factors in obese, sedentary adults, highlighting the potential of SET to provide an alternative exercise model for the improvement of metabolic health in this population.     

The accuracy of the 24-h activity recall method for assessing sedentary behaviour: the physical activity measurement survey (PAMS) project

Sedentary behaviour (SB) has emerged as a modifiable risk factor, but little is known about measurement errors of SB. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of 24-h Physical Activity Recall (24PAR) relative to SenseWear Armband (SWA) for assessing SB. Each participant (n = 1485) undertook a series of data collection procedures on two randomly selected days: wearing a SWA for full 24-h, and then completing the telephone-administered 24PAR the following day to recall the past 24-h activities. Estimates of total sedentary time (TST) were computed without the inclusion of reported or recorded sleep time. Equivalence testing was used to compare estimates of TST. Analyses from equivalence testing showed no significant equivalence of 24PAR for TST (90% CI: 443.0 and 457.6 min · day^–1) relative to SWA (equivalence zone: 580.7 and 709.8 min · day^–1). Bland–Altman plots indicated individuals that were extremely or minimally sedentary provided relatively comparable sedentary time between 24PAR and SWA. Overweight/obese and/or older individuals were more likely to under-estimate sedentary time than normal weight and/or younger individuals. Measurement errors of 24PAR varied by the level of sedentary time and demographic indicators. This evidence informs future work to develop measurement error models to correct for errors of self-reports.     

上海市城区成年人身体成分现状的分析

以上海市城区13646名20-59岁成年人为研究对象,对各项体成分指标及超重和肥胖检出率进行分析研究。结果显示。上海市城区成年人体成分大部分指标随年龄增长而增长,女性随年龄增长的幅度大于男性：超重和肥胖检出率分别为30．8％、7．1％,其中男性分别为37．8％、9．0％,女性分别为24．1％、5．2％,男性明显高于女性;随年龄增长．超重和肥胖率也同步增长;同时研究发现男性有44．5％、女性有27．5％属于“隐形肥胖”。与2000年相比,城区成年人大部分体成分指标及超重和肥胖检出率均呈增长趋势,男性较女性变化明显。     

静坐少动行为与中年人群心血管疾病风险因素的相关性

摘要：目的：探讨45~59岁人群中,静坐少动行为与心血管疾病风险因素之间的相关性。方法：随机招募愿意佩戴7 d加速度计的中年人群,客观测量一周体力活动水平,并采集血液样本。结果：中年人群中,静坐少动行为与躯干、下肢脂肪堆积和C-反应蛋白的相关性较密切且独立于MVPA（中等强度至较大强度体力活动）（P<0.05）;男性中,静坐少动行为与总胆固醇和LDL-C（低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）正相关（P<0.05）;女性中,静坐少动行为与空腹血糖、总胆固醇和LDL-C正相关（P<0.05）,与HDL-C（高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）负相关（P<0.05）。结论：在中年人群中,静坐少动行为与躯干和下肢脂肪堆积、C反应蛋白和脂代谢之间具有负性的相关性且独立于MVPA;另外,静坐少动行为对女性的糖代谢也具有不利影响。     

道德教育的阶段和层次——试析朱熹小学、大学教育思想

朱熹的道德教育思想是以他的哲学理论为基础的。他把道德教育划分为“小学”和“大学”两个不同的阶段和层次,并且指出每个阶段德育的任务、内容和方法也有所不同。他的这一思想在今天仍可以给人们许多启示。     

Exploring the impact of online social participation on loneliness in older adults: Evidence from The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

As individuals age, mental and physical impairment can emerge and impact their well-being. Previous research on social participation in older adults has typically focused on specific activities or failed to distinguish between different forms of participation. In contrast, we propose that social participation is a resource optimization process for older adults, where various forms of participation must be optimized in order to improve well-being outcomes. Drawing on Selective Optimization with Compensation theory, we develop hypotheses on how older adults with cognitive decline select and optimize their social participation profile and how multiple modes of participation synergistically affect their perceived loneliness. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), we test a polynomial model and find that online social participation has a U-shaped effect on loneliness, while personal-oriented offline social participation mitigates this effect. We also find that the impact of social participation modes varies considerably between younger and older groups. Our findings suggest implications for the design of integrative aging support programs and the use of ICT to promote mental well-being in different stages of advanced age.     

A critical appraisal of four approaches which support teachers’ problem‐solving within educational settings

This paper critically appraises four problem‐solving approaches, based on a range of theoretical perspectives and procedures, which are currently used in educational settings to support adults to find solutions to complex problems that arise within classrooms and the wider school community. The four approaches are: Circles of Adults; Teacher Coaching; Collaborative Problem‐solving Groups; the Staff Sharing Scheme. The principle aim of all of these interventions is to enable school staff to generate solutions to problems so that children and young people who are causing concern are perceived in ways which lead to more constructive actions and outcomes. A second aim is to build the capacity of those working in schools by developing their skills and self confidence as problem‐solvers and decision‐makers; the assumption being that they will be more able to solve similar problems in the future largely on their own, without the need for extensive external support. The paper then considers the relative strengths and limitations of each approach in relation to practice.