英·甘地科技思想对印度现代化的影响

英·甘地执政的15年里,先后发表各种施政演讲和政策声明,阐述发展印度科技思想,强调自力更生的重要性,也不排斥技术引进和国际合作;重视发挥政府在发展科技中的主导作用;注重提高全民族的科技素质;重视培养科技人才和充分发挥人才作用。英.甘地科技思想对印度现代化产生了重大影响,尤其在经济和科技领域取得重大成就。     

印度共产党:建设"第三种替代性力量"

印度共产党是当今印度政坛仅次于印共(马)的第二大共产党组织.在80多年的历史中,虽几经分裂,但均能在调整政策纲领和生存策略的努力下生存并获得发展.在今天的印度政坛,印度共产党通过与印共(马)等左翼政治力量联合,多次在地方层面参政或执政,并成为"团结进步联盟"等主流政治力量竞相拉拢的结盟对象,在国内政治舞台上发挥着重要的影响.     

早期美国英语中的印第安语成分

美国英语在其早期形成过程中与印第安语之间存在一定的关系,它们之间在拼写、用词和语法方面都存在差异。文章从社会和时代发展的观点及美国历史变迁的视角,分析了印第安语在美国英语中存在的现象及对美国英语的影响。     

试论蕴涵于印第安创世传说的印第安传统信仰

印第安创世传说大致可以分为三类。第一类传说描绘创世神灵在自然界生灵协助下创造世界的过程,第二类讲述自然界生灵如何帮助来自天空或地底的印第安始祖开拓生存空间,而在第三类中,则是以动物形象出现的文化英雄创造了世界。虽然所有这些创世传说的具体内容不尽相同,但它们全都形象而具体地彰显出独特的印第安传统信仰。印第安人认为,创造世界的神灵既超越世间万事万物,又融入万事万物之中;而因其对创世进程的积极参与,万事万物一方面被创世神灵赋予精神力量,另一方面又与神灵构成交互关系,共存于一个神圣环形之中。因此,印第安人不仅尊崇创世神灵和自然界万物生灵,而且崇拜把宇宙间万事万物统一于自身的神圣环形,把神圣环形之中的和谐平衡统一视作最完美的境界。     

美国英语中的印第安语

本文简明而又系统地论述了美国英语在其早期形成过程中与印第安语之间的关系以及它们之间在拼写、用词和语法方面的差异,并从社会和时代发展的观点及美国历史变迁的视角,分析了印第安语在美国英语中存在的现象及对美国英语的影响。     

唯一真正的美国人--印第安人

美国是个多民族国家,印第安人是其中一个少数民族,人口约140万.他们是美国最早的居民,为美洲的开发,为美国的发展作出了重大贡献.然而,美国历届政府对他们一直采取种族灭绝、隔离和同化政策,人为地使其丧失公民权,沦为社会最低层.美国是最没有人权的国家.     

Psychological responses to reservation-based discrimination: A qualitative study of socially marginalized youth at a premier Indian university

Given the history of caste politics in India, it is not surprising that the socially marginalized students face discrimination, especially after the introduction of the reservation policy (affirmative action) in educational institutes. Our qualitative study, informed by Meyer’s Minority Stress model, analysed in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students, 3 faculty members, and 4 administrative officials at a premier Indian university to examine the psychological wellbeing of the reserved category students. We analysed how the discrimination processes contributed to students’ poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and weak motivation. Student group affiliations and university resources created a supportive environment for the socially marginalized, despite a small risk of stigmatization due to enrolment in a few campus support-programs. Moreover, there existed a palpable frustration among the socially privileged students, resulting in discriminatory attitudes against reserved categories but not “lower” caste. Our findings call for the attention of college administrators, policymakers, and the society at large to ensure that well-intended social justice policies are efficiently implemented, to deliver justice to the underprivileged students of India.     

“陌生人”视角下社会化媒体与网络社会“不确定性”研究

本研究通过社会心理学的"陌生人"视角,分析了网络陌生人的人际不确定性和情感正向性特征,讨论了陌生人复杂互动如何导致社会化媒体内舆论领袖和议题涌现,并实现情感和信息的极化与放大;再通过"不确定性"的理论视角,讨论这种陌生人复杂互动如何通过社会化媒体间共振、潮涌,导致社会化媒体传播和动员能力的突生性和意外效果,进而生成网络社会的不确定性。     

“This is the Whiteman’s Law”: Aboriginal resistance,bureaucratic change and the Census of Canada, 1830–2006

Census information of some form has been collected in Canada since the 1611 census of New France. Aboriginal people, identified or not, have been included in these enumerations. The collection of this information has had a profound impact on Aboriginal people and has been an element that has shaped their relationship with the dominant society. In response, Canadian Aboriginal people have often resisted and refused to co-operate with census takers and their masters. This article is an examination of this phenomenon focused on the censuses conducted in the post-Confederation period to the present. A census is made to collect information on populations and individuals that can then be used to configure and shape social and political relations between those being enumerated and the creators of the census. However, the human objects of the census are not just passive integers and they have resisted its creation in a number of ways, including being “missing” when the census is taken, refusing to answer the questions posed by enumerators or even driving them off Aboriginal territory. A census identifies elements of the social order and attempts to set them in their “proper” place and those who do not wish to be part of that order may refuse to take part. Archivists and historians must understand that the knowledge gained in a census is bound with the conditions of own creation. This has been noted by contemporary Aboriginal researchers who often state that the archival record of their people often distorts history and reflects the ideas and superficial observations of their Euro-Canadian creators. Changes to the Census of Canada since 1981, have increased the participation rate and therefore changed the nature of the record.

Books and Journeys

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