The evolving institutional work of the National Collegiate Athletic Association to maintain dominance in a fragmented field

High-profile sport governance associations tend to remain intact despite numerous issues that would predict their demise. As such, these types of associations offer valuable contexts for understanding institutional maintenance work. The authors conducted a historical case study of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the U.S. More than 7000 pages of documents spanning more than 100 years were analyzed to document how the NCAA rose to dominance in a contested field and cemented its governance as the taken-for-granted model of collegiate and amateur sport in the U.S. despite numerous issues that would predict the association’s demise. Findings suggest that the NCAA evolved its methods for controlling institutional boundaries, practices, and cognitions as means for maintaining its dominance. By expanding its boundaries, adjusting its practices, and framing member and public cognitions, the NCAA has been able to create an institution that is responsive to members and defensible against legitimate contestations.     

中国制造企业跨国并购后整合模式的有效性研究

中国制造企业跨国并购后的资源整合模式中,系统整合式、供应链导向式或技术导向式、充分式或集约式的整合模式,比较适宜于中国企业跨国并购后的资源整合,具有较好的有效性。但中西方文化的显著差异,妨碍了并购双方的管理类功能性资源在组织边界之间的转移、扩散或共享,在并购后的相当长一段时间内,可能都无法完成充分的整合。     

论外资并购投资行为的法律规制

外资并购投资行为法律规制的必然选择,是外资并购资本输入国的法律规范;外资并购投资行为法律规制的基本原则,为无差别待遇原则;基于此,探讨和研究外资并购投资行为法律规制的法制系统就具有了重要的理论及现实意义.     

作为治理结构的正式国际组织:一种新制度经济学的视角

无论是在协调型博弈还是在协作型博弈的情势下,都有可能以正式国际组织的方式来降低国家间交易成本。作为一种国家间治理结构,正式国际组织具有相对稳定的组织结构和行政设施,在此基础上可开展广泛的集中活动,如搜集信息、共同分担、联合生产、争端解决和规则制定与实施等。通过这些功能性的集中活动,正式国际组织能够比自我实施的国际协议更有效地对付国家潜在的机会主义行为,从而更大幅度地降低国际合作中的交易成本。     

制度体系的结构与耦合

新制度经济学以其强有力的解释力和说服力向人们表明：制度是至关重要的。经济学理论和经济史实对这一结论给予了充分的证明和检验,从而吸引了更多人对制度的关注和思考。本文系统分析并表征了制度体系的内部结构,阐述了非正式约束是制度体系耦合的黏结剂,而作为人性化、人本化的非正式约束的核心——意识形态（社会制度意识）更是问题的问题、关键的关键、原因的原因、根本的根本。我们认为,制度能否实施及其实施的绩效如何,取决于人们对制度的虔诚度,培养人们对制度的信仰才是制度绩效的关键。     

Writing your first successful grant application to conduct communication research

Advice is offered to help scholars write successful communication grant applications, including practical issues such as learning about opportunities, finding the time to write, planning personnel, budgeting, negotiating internal resources, institutional review boards, and deliverables. Additional tips are offered on theoretically rich research with socially meaningful applied outcomes, counterintuitive mechanisms and outcomes, simplicity, detail orientation, demonstrating expertise in the content area, and demonstrating expertise with the population under investigation. Finally, we mention some important traits for getting through the review process-persistence and low ego-involvement.     

图书馆学话语的谱系学分析——图书馆学话语三大族系概述

从谱系学的角度来看,图书馆学话语有三大族系,即技术图书馆学、人文图书馆学和制度图书馆学。技术图书馆学以实用主义价值观为其话语特征,人文图书馆学以理想主义和自由主义价值观为其话语特征,制度图书馆学则以现实主义价值观为其话语特征。参考文献15。     

图书馆制度伦理探微

制度伦理的实质是对制度设计、制度结构和制度安排的伦理要求。图书馆制度伦理,是图书馆制度本身所蕴涵的相应的伦理价值、道德原则和伦理追求。图书馆制度伦理的意蕴是维护社会信息公平,即保障信息自由、维护信息公平、体现信息共享的原则。其评价标准包括合法性标准、有效性标准和读者满意标准等。参考文献25。     

The Development and Operation of IRBs: Medical Regulations and Social Science

A sketch of the development of institutional review boards (IRBs) and the system of human subjects research regulation in the United States is presented, from the Nuremberg Code of 1949 to the Belmont Report of 1979, and continues with several contemporary developments. Conflicts within the system are discussed, particularly those related to the regulatory application of the medical model to social science. Examination of two central documents produced by participants in the IRB regulatory system is presented to illustrate difficulties with current regulation.