植物新品种保护制度：历史演变与经验启示

摘 要：植物新品种保护制度是农业知识产权中最重要的一项制度之一,研究影响植物新品种保护制度变迁的供求因素具有重大意义。本文在梳理植物新品种保护制度的历史演变与发展现状基础上,总结国际植物新品种保护联盟（UPOV）不同时期植物新品种保护制度的发展特征,进一步从制度变迁视角分析美国、日本、欧洲植物新品种保护制度的发展经验。研究发现,农业生产要素和植物新品种相对价格的变动引致植物新品种保护制度的产生;育种技术进步和新品种市场规模的扩大推动政府对新品种保护制度不断改革完善;美国和日本、欧洲的法律渊源不同,但各国法律和新品种规范性行为准则的改变促使政府对新品种保护制度不断调整;政府对新品种保护制度的设计成本和制度安排实施的预期成本越低,越有利于新品种保护制度的推行。基于此,本文提出中国植物新品种保护制度建设应适应农业发展、主动保证科技型种业企业规模发展的需要,提高法律位阶、有效完善品种鉴定与检测认证的法规体系,落实司法保护、加大种业知识产权法定范围内惩罚性赔偿等政策启示。     

差序格局学术社会中同行评议制度实施之困

在破“五唯”政策背景下,完善同行评议制度对我国教育文化事业高质量内涵式发展具有重要意义。同行评议制度作为一种“舶来品”,在成为我国学术评价制度的重要组成部分之后,其实施原则由西方的“知识本位”转化为我国的“社会本位”。然而,我国学术社会在发展过程中形成了差序格局,具有自我主义和等级差序的特征,表征为师门流派和学术差等现象。在差序格局学术社会中,自我主义导致评议专家产生评议偏好,等级差序阻碍学术新人显露头角,人治社会削弱了评议的规范性,不利于同行评议制度的有效实施,影响着我国教育文化事业的高质量内涵式发展。     

基于非均衡模型公共体育产品供给研究： 诊断及解决思路

运用文献资料和实证分析相结合的方法,对我国公共体育产品供给存在的问题进行诊断,并基于非均衡模型探析体育产品供需矛盾的肇因,提供相应的解决思路。研究表明：公共体育产品供给存在着供给体制不健全、供给主体不足、体育基础设施供给不足且不均衡、供给资金不均衡、体质监测和社会体育指导员供给不容乐观等问题,新制度经济学的产权理论、交易费用理论和制度变迁理论等可提供解决思路,旨在为公共体育产品供给提供理论支撑和实践指导,促进我国公共体育产品供需均衡发展。     

日本大学图书馆期刊价格上涨对策研究

通过分析日本大学图书馆面对期刊价格上涨所采取的一系列措施,希望对中国的图书馆应对期刊价格上涨问题起到参考作用。     

基于资源目录网站的机构库分布研究

文章通过对机构库资源目录网站的统计分析,获得了机构库分布情况的信息,并对机构库资源目录网站所实现功能进行了研究.     

Social‐emotional well‐being and resilience of children in early childhood settings – PERIK: an empirically based observation scale for practitioners

Compared with the traditional focus on developmental problems, research on positive development is relatively new. Empirical research in children's well‐being has been scarce. The aim of this study was to develop a theoretically and empirically based instrument for practitioners to observe and assess preschool children's well‐being in early childhood settings. The analysis of preschool teachers' ratings yields six dimensions of social‐emotional well‐being: (1) making contact/social performance, (2) self control/thoughtfulness, (3) self‐assertiveness, (4) emotional stability/coping with stress, (5) task orientation, (6) pleasure in exploration. Composite scales were constructed. PERIK consists of six scales of six items each. The scales differentiate in both the upper and lower range and despite their brevity have good psychometric qualities. The instrument was published together with a booklet containing examples of how PERIK observations can be employed in practical work with children.     

基于网络与传统教学模式的英语听力焦虑研究

焦虑情绪对听力理解的影响是国内外语言学者研究的新领域。本文尝试以听力教学和焦虑理论为基本理论支点,研究中国大学生英语听力中是否存在焦虑情绪以及语言学习环境对听力焦虑和听力水平有何影响。利用社会科学统计法收集、分析数据用科学的数字来论证、支持主观判断,认为中国大学生在英语听力过程中确实有焦虑情绪,而宽松的语言学习环境有助于降低焦虑情绪从而提高听力。     

国外近10年幼小衔接理论研究综述

鉴于幼小衔接对儿童发展产生的重要影响,近10年来,国外研究者对幼小衔接进行了深入系统的理论研究和思考,众多研究者主要从生态学理论和社会文化视角对幼小衔接的本质及其动力学原理进行探讨。本文通过对幼小衔接相关理论探讨,试图进一步深化我们对幼小衔接的认识,同时关注幼小衔接生态学理论和社会文化理论的有关研究,还为我们开展有关幼小衔接的研究和教育项目提供了一定的启示:要注重儿童所处生态系统的影响,增强各因素之间的联系和合作,重视儿童主体的作用,同时也要关注幼小衔接的生态性。     

The scholarship of research in teacher education in a higher education institution in transition: Issues of identity

This paper examines perceptions of professional and organizational identity of teacher educators in a ‘new’ University of Technology in South Africa, resulting from several recent mergers of colleges of education and colleges of technology mainly serving formerly disadvantaged students and schools. The findings show that most staff consider teaching and research as dichotomous. Research activities are seen to satisfy the institutional requirements for securing research funding and producing publications. Professional identities could be strengthened by a faculty-wide debate on the specific profile of teacher education in a University of Technology, resulting also in an agreed research ethos. Peer support in collaborative research groups with a focus on own practice is seen as an opportunity to strengthen research expertise.     

The making of homophilic networks in international research collaborations: A global perspective from Chilean and Korean engineering

As globalization has expedited mobility of faculty across nations, faculty hiring is taking place at an international level. Institutions and governments often perceive hiring faculty who were trained in different countries as a strategy for reaching the status of world-class universities. The major assumption behind this hiring strategy is that faculty who are educated in prestigious universities in foreign countries will bring cutting edge knowledge and networks that will lead to future research collaborations. Yet, a dearth of research empirically investigated the assumption that institutions that train future foreign faculty and those that hire faculty with foreign degrees will have greater presence in the international networks of research collaboration. Filling this hole, this study examines this assumption from an international perspective, using the case of industrial engineering departments at selective research universities in Chile and Korea. Based on the unique data that document faculty hiring (degree attainment institutions) and research collaboration (co-authorship), and institutional prestige (global ranking positions), we analyzed the relationship between faculty hiring network and research collaboration network, as well as their association with institutional prestige. The results provide strong evidence of the positive relationships between doctoral training and future research collaboration, and the strong presence of institutions with global prestige. These relationships result in homophilic networks that suggest a concern about a reduced diversity in theoretical perspective and research methods within the disciplinary field.