学校在教育结果公平进程中的作用——基于学校对学生成绩影响的视角

学校作为教育教学活动的主要载体,其作用的发挥受多重因素影响,推进教育结果公平应从教育作为社会系统组成部分的角度明确各类机构和组织的职责和分工。学校的生源结构、资源、教育教学过程是构成学校的重要组成部分,在学校资源基本得到保障的前提下,生源结构和教育教学对学生成绩的影响显得更为重要。教育教学是学校可控因素,也是教育结果公平进程中学校的职责所在。对学校来说,生源结构和学校资源更多受外部控制,尤其是生源结构将学校与学生成绩的关系与社会流动机制和社会融合等问题联系了起来。提高社会流动的开放性,提高社会融合程度是实现教育结果公平的基础性工作,但责任在政府而不是学校。     

环境伦理的实效性研究——从南方暴雨洪涝灾害说起

环境伦理问题被专家学者研究了许多年,如今它已发展成为较成熟的理论体系。在日常生活中,环境伦理对人们的行为起到了一定的规范作用,但是其实效性并不乐观,人们仍然面临着环境危机,南方地区的暴雨洪涝灾害使我们有必要对环境伦理的实效性再做思考。     

理论逻辑、认知逻辑与生活逻辑的三维一体——中山大学博士生思政课教学改革研究

通过对中山大学博士生思想政治理论课改革与教学实效性的实证研究可以看到,在遵循教育与学生成长的双重规律的前提下,以理论逻辑为基础、认知逻辑为尺度、生活逻辑为指向的三维一体是中山大学思想政治理论课教学取得实效性的有效机制。其中,理论逻辑强调培养学生理性思维和人文素养;认知逻辑着重建构主动学习和契合学生认知水平;生活逻辑力求直面现实和满足学生成长需要。     

学校文化对学校效能影响的多元回归模型研究

本研究运用Denison组织文化模型,采用多元线性回归模型分析方法研究了学校文化对学校效能的影响效应,发现:1、学校文化的4个特质、12个维度与学校效能之间存在显著的正相关性;2、学校文化的4个特质都对学校效能具有显著影响效应;3、学校文化的核心价值观、工作目标、创新变革、授权、一致意见、学校愿景、能力发展对学校效能有显著影响效应,而团队导向、发展战略、协调整合、组织学习和家校关系5个维度的影响效应则不显著。在原因分析的基础上,提出了对学校文化建设的启示。     

教学临界阈研究的问题与思路

教学临界阈研究是探究和揭示教学有效性内在本质及其规律的关键,是我们对有效教学问题从外条件研究到内问题探讨的转折点。这些内问题的探讨主要包括学习者的有效学习量究竟是多少才能引起学习临界点的出现,影响教学从量变到质变的关键因素是什么,教学临界阈的产生能否促使学习者知而达智、行而致能。超额学习、掌握学习、语言输入理论、结构方程模式等成果为教学临界阈的研究奠定了基础,人类工效学、知识生态学和博弈论更是为教学临界阈研究提供了多元视角。时间、空间、群体和影响程度等质变临界阈的存在意味着教学临界阈研究有着不同的研究思路,而具体内容学习变化的曲线则是判断教学临界阈的基本依据。通过变量干预而改变教学临界状态是研究有效教学的一个新的切入点。     

计算机实验教学课堂行为管理的实践及应用

学生课堂问题行为不但影响到课堂教学质量,而且也影响到学生健康人格和心理的形成。如何加强学生实验教学课堂行为管理,提高学生自控能力。我们通过对学生计算机文化基础的现状、上机环境、课堂问题行为的分析,针对学生特点、爱好、专业层次进行课堂行为管理方面的研究。通过软硬件相结合的方式,采用技术手段进行科学设置来实施有效管理,促使学生有计划,按步骤的完成计算机上机任务,从而保证了计算机实验教学效果的不断巩固和提高。     

Test-Based Learning: Inconsistent Effects Between Higher- and Lower-Level Test Questions

Providing test questions after an initial study phase is a common instructional technique. In theory, questions that require higher-level (deep) processing should be more beneficial than those that require lower-level (shallow) processing. However, empirical evidence on the matter is inconsistent. To shed light on two potential reasons for these inconsistencies, we conducted an experiment (N = 81) to analyze the role of (a) the share of information to which test questions direct learners and (b) the learning activities performed in the initial study phase with respect to the effects between higher- and lower-level test questions. We found that both the share of focused information and the initial learning activities moderated the effects between higher- and lower-level test questions.     

The Application of Task-based Language Teaching to Oral English Class

Task-based language teaching(TBLT) refers to an approach based on the use of tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction in language teaching.The present research aims to explore the correlation of TBLT and students’ oral proficiency and the effectiveness of TBLT.During a one-term experiment,the author chooses 82 English majors in two natural classes as the controlled class and experimental class.With the help of qualitative approach and quantitative approach,it proves that TBLT is effective in improving students’ oral proficiency.     

Changing roles in sustaining successful charter school leadership in high poverty schools: Voices from the field

Effective educational leadership is essential for the success of schools and ultimately student achievement. The impact of school leadership may be even more pronounced in charter schools. Due to current and unprecedented growth, unique design, and complexities of political, financial, and governance issues they face, there is a need for more highly qualified charter school leaders and perhaps even “differently” prepared leaders. In this qualitative study, the authors documented the characteristics and skills of two successful, sustained charter school leaders who retrospectively described their evolved and evolving roles over twenty five years. Each transformed high-poverty, low-performing schools with at-risk populations and led with vision, passion, and a relentless desire to positively influence their organizations and ultimately improve student success in their communities. Although many of their skills and characteristics fall within existing theories, such as situational leadership, transformational leadership, and distributive leadership, they embodied a level of dedication and commitment to the original communities in which they founded charters lasting over a quarter of a century. The findings suggest that founding a charter school and seeing it through to success over time may more closely resemble missionary work than traditional school leadership.     

双方代理合同效力之新见

关于双方代理合同的效力,有的学者认为是无效的,有的学者认为是效力待定的,而文章则认为双方代理合同是有效的。