Eye Movement Modeling Examples guide viewer eye movements but do not improve learning

Recent research has tested whether Eye Movement Modeling Examples (EMMEs) can effectively cue attention and improve learning. However, the effects of EMMEs are variable, and the degree to which viewers follow these cues remains unclear. In the current paper, we compared screen-captured instructional videos that included an EMME in the form of a transparent circular overlay depicting the instructor's gaze location with identical videos that lacked this cue. We observed that EMMEs drove viewer saccades to cued locations and resulted in shorter distances between viewer gaze and the EMME, but learning performance and video preference were unaffected by the presence of an EMME. We argue that EMMEs can effectively guide attention, but the range of circumstances under which they improve learning may be limited.     

英国应用型高校外部治理模式变迁研究

多科技术学院作为英国应用型高校的典型代表，其治理模式在1992年前后发生了一系列的变迁。结合三角模型理论和系统理论分析方法，对英国应用型高校外部治理模式变迁的模式演进、动力来源和内在逻辑进行探究。研究发现：英国应用型高校外部治理模式变迁的样态表征为由科层模式转向市场模式；变迁的动力来源于历史、环境和行动者三个要素的互联互动；变迁的内在逻辑表现为历史要素和环境要素决定行动者路径选择的方式和范围，变迁实践兼具创新突破性与路径依赖性。研究对我国应用型高校外部治理模式改革的启示在于，应遵循有序渐进式变迁逻辑，结合基本国情探索具有中国特色的治理模式。