Compulsory schooling,education, depression and memory: New evidence from SHARELIFE

In this paper we provide new evidence on the causal effect of education on adult depression and cognition. We use SHARE data and schooling reforms in several European countries as instruments for educational attainment. We find that an extra year of education has a large and significant protective effect on mental health; the probability of suffering depression decreases by 6.5 percentage points. We find a large and significant protective effect on cognition as measured by word recall. We also explore whether heterogeneity and selection play a part in the large discrepancy between OLS and IV (LATE) estimates of the effect of education on depression and cognition. Using the data available in SHARELIFE on early life conditions of the respondents such as the individuals’ socioeconomic status, health, and performance at school, we identify subgroups particularly affected by the reforms and with high marginal health returns to education.     

An ethnographic study of the friendship patterns of international students in England: An attempt to recreate home through conational interaction

This paper reports findings from an ethnographic study into the adjustment experience of a group of postgraduate international students at a university in the South of England. Friendship emerged as a major theme in this study; of particular importance to students was the desire and need to mix with conational friends. This desire was driven by the urge to obtain the comfort offered by shared language, shared heritage and access to instrumental support. It was also informed by fear of discrimination and compounded by an absence of host contact which was a source of deep disillusionment for students. The negative impact of segregated friendship groups on the improvement of linguistic and cultural knowledge was understood, but only a handful of students broke away from the confines of the monoethnic ghetto.     

表现指标化： 大学生就业市场中的潜规则探析

在就业市场中,人才筛选标准被异化为各种指标,直接影响到招聘过程的顺利进行,并将在校学生置于无形的规训权力的操控之下。为此,本文从沟通理性角度出发,通过探讨在就业市场中筛选标准影响下高校、市场和学生角色的异化,剖析当今就业市场中所存在的话语霸权及其对大学教育质量的影响。最后指出,就业市场筛选机制的优化有赖于高校、企业及学生之间的沟通机制的重建。     

钢琴曲《夕阳箫鼓》的创新性

钢琴独奏曲《夕阳箫鼓》是一首经典的曲目,试图从它的标题、表现手法、意境和曲名方面分析它的创新性。它没采用文字标题,而是用意大利语作了提示;意境上,它既有琵琶曲的淡雅,又有民乐合奏曲的热烈;曲名也充满了诗情画意和民族风情。     

食品质量与安全专业《仪器分析实验》教学探讨

针对食品质量与安全专业的现状,结合多年<仪器分析实验>教学经验,从教材建设、课程改革、实践教学改革和实验室管理改革等方面对提高<仪器分析实验>教学质量进行了探索,取得了较好的效果.     

Does education help “old dogs” learn “new tricks”? The lasting impact of early-life education on technology use among older adults

Technological progress is often at the heart of improvements in quality of life. The development of personal computers (PCs) and the Internet are among the most important technological advances of the last century. PCs and the Internet have profoundly changed the way we access information, shop, view media, communicate, socialize, and spend our time. Despite the many benefits of computer and Internet use, certain population groups – especially low-educated and older consumers – have not yet fully adopted computer technology and the Internet in their daily lives. This paper estimates the effects of early-life education on computer and Internet use among older Italians. Using data on early-life educational attainment and computer and Internet use of older adults from the 2013 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we exploit a historical increase in compulsory schooling in Italy as an instrumental variable for education to estimate the effects of early-life education on the adoption of PCs and on current use of the Internet. We find large and statistically significant effects of early-life education on later-life technology use among older persons who obtained additional education due to increased schooling requirements. In our benchmark estimations, one additional year of schooling resulted in an eight percentage point increase in the probability of having ever used a computer and in a 12 percentage point increase in the probability of reporting to have at least good computer skills. Individuals affected by the reform were also six percentage points more likely to have used the Internet in the last week. These findings are robust across different sample selection and model specification strategies. Our analysis also suggests that occupational choice and computer use at work are important channels through which education affects the adoption and use of computers and the Internet. Our findings thus highlight the likely importance of early-life education for later-life computer and the Internet use and perhaps technology adoption more broadly.     

Hidden Leadership in Small Special Libraries

“The Specialist” addresses the administration of special libraries, however, identifying the administrator of a small special library is problematic. In these small libraries within organizations, the librarian often works alone and the library is overseen by a non-librarian manager. In these cases, it is not as easy to identify or define the library's administrator as it would be in a public or academic library, or even a larger special library. This column introduces a model where the administration of small special libraries is a collaboration between librarians and non-librarian managers. In this model, information professionals exercise hidden leadership and management skills without leading a staff or possessing a management title. The column also suggests ways information professionals without explicit management responsibilities in the workplace can develop these skills and apply them in their jobs.     

食品专业视域下《仪器分析》在线开放课程的建设思考

文章在总结《仪器分析》教学现状的基础上,从教学资源重整、案例教学、视频制作、成绩考核、团队建设等方面对在线开放课程的建设工作进行了阐述,以期更好地利用教学资源,增强教学互动,促进学生自主学习,提高教学效果。     

LOSING THEIR “MOJO”?

Mobile journalism, whereby a single reporter must write, shoot, and edit their own news stories, is a rapidly growing trend among local television news organizations in the United States and around the world. Using qualitative case study methodology, specifically in-depth interviews and observation, this study compares “mobile journalists” with journalists working within a traditional television news crew, in which a reporter concentrates on the writing and interviewing aspects of newsgathering and a videographer concentrates on the audio/video production. The research looked at four aspects of “professionalization” found in the sociology of professions literature; expert knowledge, professional autonomy, routinization, and encroachment from outside organizations. Findings suggest that the mobile journalists in this study have less specialized expert knowledge. Also, though the mobile journalists felt that working outside a crew gave them greater autonomy, their increased use of work routines suggests they have given up some control to organizational needs. Additionally, there is evidence that these mobile journalists have allowed some encroachment by other professionals, specifically public relations professionals, in order to accomplish their work tasks within specified deadlines with limited time and resources.     

互联网对卡西尔人的符号性特征的科学展开

卡西尔主张作为人的本质特征的"符号"是一种现象的存在,蕴涵有理性的功能,所以强调的也是理想意义上的文化创新.这些观点在互联网中得到了有效的展开:网络本身(网络主体本身与网际互动的中介)具有符号性;其符号化为网络主体文化创新提供了智力和物质环境的可能;网络符号化所强调的工具理性功能必然引起人们对价值理性的重视与建构.